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1 11 aaronmk
# Database access
2
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import copy
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import re
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import time
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import warnings
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import exc
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import dicts
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import iters
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import lists
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import profiling
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from Proxy import Proxy
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import rand
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import sql_gen
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import strings
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import util
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##### Exceptions
20
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def get_cur_query(cur, input_query=None):
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    raw_query = None
23
    if hasattr(cur, 'query'): raw_query = cur.query
24
    elif hasattr(cur, '_last_executed'): raw_query = cur._last_executed
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26
    if raw_query != None: return raw_query
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    else: return '[input] '+strings.ustr(input_query)
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def _add_cursor_info(e, *args, **kw_args):
30
    '''For params, see get_cur_query()'''
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    exc.add_msg(e, 'query: '+strings.ustr(get_cur_query(*args, **kw_args)))
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class DbException(exc.ExceptionWithCause):
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    def __init__(self, msg, cause=None, cur=None):
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        exc.ExceptionWithCause.__init__(self, msg, cause, cause_newline=True)
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        if cur != None: _add_cursor_info(self, cur)
37
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class ExceptionWithName(DbException):
39
    def __init__(self, name, cause=None):
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        DbException.__init__(self, 'for name: '+strings.as_tt(str(name)), cause)
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        self.name = name
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class ExceptionWithValue(DbException):
44
    def __init__(self, value, cause=None):
45
        DbException.__init__(self, 'for value: '+strings.as_tt(repr(value)),
46
            cause)
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        self.value = value
48
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class ExceptionWithNameType(DbException):
50
    def __init__(self, type_, name, cause=None):
51
        DbException.__init__(self, 'for type: '+strings.as_tt(str(type_))
52
            +'; name: '+strings.as_tt(name), cause)
53
        self.type = type_
54
        self.name = name
55
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class ConstraintException(DbException):
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    def __init__(self, name, cond, cols, cause=None):
58
        msg = 'Violated '+strings.as_tt(name)+' constraint'
59
        if cond != None: msg += ' with condition '+cond
60
        if cols != []: msg += ' on columns: '+strings.as_tt(', '.join(cols))
61
        DbException.__init__(self, msg, cause)
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        self.name = name
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        self.cond = cond
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        self.cols = cols
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class MissingCastException(DbException):
67
    def __init__(self, type_, col, cause=None):
68
        DbException.__init__(self, 'Missing cast to type '+strings.as_tt(type_)
69
            +' on column: '+strings.as_tt(col), cause)
70
        self.type = type_
71
        self.col = col
72
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class NameException(DbException): pass
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class DuplicateKeyException(ConstraintException): pass
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class NullValueException(ConstraintException): pass
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class CheckException(ConstraintException): pass
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class InvalidValueException(ExceptionWithValue): pass
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class DuplicateException(ExceptionWithNameType): pass
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class DoesNotExistException(ExceptionWithNameType): pass
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class EmptyRowException(DbException): pass
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##### Warnings
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91
class DbWarning(UserWarning): pass
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##### Result retrieval
94
95
def col_names(cur): return (col[0] for col in cur.description)
96
97
def rows(cur): return iter(lambda: cur.fetchone(), None)
98
99
def consume_rows(cur):
100
    '''Used to fetch all rows so result will be cached'''
101
    iters.consume_iter(rows(cur))
102
103
def next_row(cur): return rows(cur).next()
104
105
def row(cur):
106
    row_ = next_row(cur)
107
    consume_rows(cur)
108
    return row_
109
110
def next_value(cur): return next_row(cur)[0]
111
112
def value(cur): return row(cur)[0]
113
114
def values(cur): return iters.func_iter(lambda: next_value(cur))
115
116
def value_or_none(cur):
117
    try: return value(cur)
118
    except StopIteration: return None
119
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##### Escaping
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def esc_name_by_module(module, name):
123
    if module == 'psycopg2' or module == None: quote = '"'
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    elif module == 'MySQLdb': quote = '`'
125
    else: raise NotImplementedError("Can't escape name for "+module+' database')
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    return sql_gen.esc_name(name, quote)
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128
def esc_name_by_engine(engine, name, **kw_args):
129
    return esc_name_by_module(db_engines[engine][0], name, **kw_args)
130
131
def esc_name(db, name, **kw_args):
132
    return esc_name_by_module(util.root_module(db.db), name, **kw_args)
133
134
def qual_name(db, schema, table):
135
    def esc_name_(name): return esc_name(db, name)
136
    table = esc_name_(table)
137
    if schema != None: return esc_name_(schema)+'.'+table
138
    else: return table
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##### Database connections
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db_config_names = ['engine', 'host', 'user', 'password', 'database', 'schemas']
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db_engines = {
145
    'MySQL': ('MySQLdb', {'password': 'passwd', 'database': 'db'}),
146
    'PostgreSQL': ('psycopg2', {}),
147
}
148
149
DatabaseErrors_set = set([DbException])
150
DatabaseErrors = tuple(DatabaseErrors_set)
151
152
def _add_module(module):
153
    DatabaseErrors_set.add(module.DatabaseError)
154
    global DatabaseErrors
155
    DatabaseErrors = tuple(DatabaseErrors_set)
156
157
def db_config_str(db_config):
158
    return db_config['engine']+' database '+db_config['database']
159
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log_debug_none = lambda msg, level=2: None
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class DbConn:
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    def __init__(self, db_config, autocommit=True, caching=True,
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        log_debug=log_debug_none, debug_temp=False, src=None):
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        '''
166
        @param debug_temp Whether temporary objects should instead be permanent.
167
            This assists in debugging the internal objects used by the program.
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        @param src In autocommit mode, will be included in a comment in every
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            query, to help identify the data source in pg_stat_activity.
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        '''
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        self.db_config = db_config
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        self.autocommit = autocommit
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        self.caching = caching
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        self.log_debug = log_debug
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        self.debug = log_debug != log_debug_none
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        self.debug_temp = debug_temp
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        self.src = src
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        self.autoanalyze = False
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        self.autoexplain = False
180
        self.profile_row_ct = None
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        self._savepoint = 0
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        self._reset()
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185
    def __getattr__(self, name):
186
        if name == '__dict__': raise Exception('getting __dict__')
187
        if name == 'db': return self._db()
188
        else: raise AttributeError()
189
190
    def __getstate__(self):
191
        state = copy.copy(self.__dict__) # shallow copy
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        state['log_debug'] = None # don't pickle the debug callback
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        state['_DbConn__db'] = None # don't pickle the connection
194
        return state
195
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    def clear_cache(self): self.query_results = {}
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    def _reset(self):
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        self.clear_cache()
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        assert self._savepoint == 0
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        self._notices_seen = set()
202
        self.__db = None
203
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    def connected(self): return self.__db != None
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    def close(self):
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        if not self.connected(): return
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        # Record that the automatic transaction is now closed
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        self._savepoint -= 1
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        self.db.close()
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        self._reset()
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    def reconnect(self):
216
        # Do not do this in test mode as it would roll back everything
217
        if self.autocommit: self.close()
218
        # Connection will be reopened automatically on first query
219
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    def _db(self):
221
        if self.__db == None:
222
            # Process db_config
223
            db_config = self.db_config.copy() # don't modify input!
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            schemas = db_config.pop('schemas', None)
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            module_name, mappings = db_engines[db_config.pop('engine')]
226
            module = __import__(module_name)
227
            _add_module(module)
228
            for orig, new in mappings.iteritems():
229
                try: util.rename_key(db_config, orig, new)
230
                except KeyError: pass
231
232
            # Connect
233
            self.__db = module.connect(**db_config)
234
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            # Record that a transaction is already open
236
            self._savepoint += 1
237
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            # Configure connection
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            if hasattr(self.db, 'set_isolation_level'):
240
                import psycopg2.extensions
241
                self.db.set_isolation_level(
242
                    psycopg2.extensions.ISOLATION_LEVEL_READ_COMMITTED)
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            if schemas != None:
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                search_path = [self.esc_name(s) for s in schemas.split(',')]
245
                search_path.append(value(run_query(self, 'SHOW search_path',
246
                    log_level=4)))
247
                run_query(self, 'SET search_path TO '+(','.join(search_path)),
248
                    log_level=3)
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250
        return self.__db
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252 1891 aaronmk
    class DbCursor(Proxy):
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        def __init__(self, outer):
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            Proxy.__init__(self, outer.db.cursor())
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            self.outer = outer
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            self.query_results = outer.query_results
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            self.query_lookup = None
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            self.result = []
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        def execute(self, query):
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            self._is_insert = query.startswith('INSERT')
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            self.query_lookup = query
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            try:
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                try: cur = self.inner.execute(query)
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                finally: self.query = get_cur_query(self.inner, query)
266 1904 aaronmk
            except Exception, e:
267
                self.result = e # cache the exception as the result
268
                self._cache_result()
269
                raise
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271
            # Always cache certain queries
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            query = sql_gen.lstrip(query)
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            if query.startswith('CREATE') or query.startswith('ALTER'):
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                # structural changes
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                # Rest of query must be unique in the face of name collisions,
276
                # so don't cache ADD COLUMN unless it has distinguishing comment
277
                if query.find('ADD COLUMN') < 0 or query.endswith('*/'):
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                    self._cache_result()
279 3004 aaronmk
            elif self.rowcount == 0 and query.startswith('SELECT'): # empty
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                consume_rows(self) # fetch all rows so result will be cached
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            return cur
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        def fetchone(self):
285
            row = self.inner.fetchone()
286 1899 aaronmk
            if row != None: self.result.append(row)
287
            # otherwise, fetched all rows
288 1904 aaronmk
            else: self._cache_result()
289
            return row
290
291
        def _cache_result(self):
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            # For inserts that return a result set, don't cache result set since
293
            # inserts are not idempotent. Other non-SELECT queries don't have
294
            # their result set read, so only exceptions will be cached (an
295
            # invalid query will always be invalid).
296 1930 aaronmk
            if self.query_results != None and (not self._is_insert
297 1906 aaronmk
                or isinstance(self.result, Exception)):
298
299 1894 aaronmk
                assert self.query_lookup != None
300 1916 aaronmk
                self.query_results[self.query_lookup] = self.CacheCursor(
301
                    util.dict_subset(dicts.AttrsDictView(self),
302
                    ['query', 'result', 'rowcount', 'description']))
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304 1916 aaronmk
        class CacheCursor:
305
            def __init__(self, cached_result): self.__dict__ = cached_result
306
307 1927 aaronmk
            def execute(self, *args, **kw_args):
308 1916 aaronmk
                if isinstance(self.result, Exception): raise self.result
309
                # otherwise, result is a rows list
310
                self.iter = iter(self.result)
311
312
            def fetchone(self):
313
                try: return self.iter.next()
314
                except StopIteration: return None
315 1891 aaronmk
316 2212 aaronmk
    def esc_value(self, value):
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        try: str_ = self.mogrify('%s', [value])
318
        except NotImplementedError, e:
319
            module = util.root_module(self.db)
320
            if module == 'MySQLdb':
321
                import _mysql
322
                str_ = _mysql.escape_string(value)
323
            else: raise e
324 2374 aaronmk
        return strings.to_unicode(str_)
325 2212 aaronmk
326 2347 aaronmk
    def esc_name(self, name): return esc_name(self, name) # calls global func
327
328 2814 aaronmk
    def std_code(self, str_):
329
        '''Standardizes SQL code.
330
        * Ensures that string literals are prefixed by `E`
331
        '''
332
        if str_.startswith("'"): str_ = 'E'+str_
333
        return str_
334
335 2665 aaronmk
    def can_mogrify(self):
336 2663 aaronmk
        module = util.root_module(self.db)
337 2665 aaronmk
        return module == 'psycopg2'
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339 2665 aaronmk
    def mogrify(self, query, params=None):
340
        if self.can_mogrify(): return self.db.cursor().mogrify(query, params)
341
        else: raise NotImplementedError("Can't mogrify query")
342
343 2671 aaronmk
    def print_notices(self):
344 2725 aaronmk
        if hasattr(self.db, 'notices'):
345
            for msg in self.db.notices:
346
                if msg not in self._notices_seen:
347
                    self._notices_seen.add(msg)
348
                    self.log_debug(msg, level=2)
349 2671 aaronmk
350 2793 aaronmk
    def run_query(self, query, cacheable=False, log_level=2,
351 2464 aaronmk
        debug_msg_ref=None):
352 2445 aaronmk
        '''
353 2464 aaronmk
        @param log_ignore_excs The log_level will be increased by 2 if the query
354
            throws one of these exceptions.
355 2664 aaronmk
        @param debug_msg_ref If specified, the log message will be returned in
356
            this instead of being output. This allows you to filter log messages
357
            depending on the result of the query.
358 2445 aaronmk
        '''
359 2167 aaronmk
        assert query != None
360
361 3183 aaronmk
        if self.autocommit and self.src != None:
362 3206 aaronmk
            query = sql_gen.esc_comment(self.src)+'\t'+query
363 3183 aaronmk
364 2047 aaronmk
        if not self.caching: cacheable = False
365 1903 aaronmk
        used_cache = False
366 2664 aaronmk
367 3242 aaronmk
        if self.debug:
368
            profiler = profiling.ItersProfiler(start_now=True, iter_text='row')
369 1903 aaronmk
        try:
370 1927 aaronmk
            # Get cursor
371
            if cacheable:
372 3238 aaronmk
                try: cur = self.query_results[query]
373 1927 aaronmk
                except KeyError: cur = self.DbCursor(self)
374 3238 aaronmk
                else: used_cache = True
375 1927 aaronmk
            else: cur = self.db.cursor()
376
377
            # Run query
378 3238 aaronmk
            try: cur.execute(query)
379 3162 aaronmk
            except Exception, e:
380
                _add_cursor_info(e, self, query)
381
                raise
382 3238 aaronmk
            else: self.do_autocommit()
383 1903 aaronmk
        finally:
384 3242 aaronmk
            if self.debug:
385 3244 aaronmk
                profiler.stop(self.profile_row_ct)
386 3242 aaronmk
387
                ## Log or return query
388
389 3239 aaronmk
                query = str(get_cur_query(cur, query))
390 3281 aaronmk
                # Put the src comment on a separate line in the log file
391
                query = query.replace('\t', '\n', 1)
392 3239 aaronmk
393 3240 aaronmk
                msg = 'DB query: '
394 3239 aaronmk
395 3240 aaronmk
                if used_cache: msg += 'cache hit'
396
                elif cacheable: msg += 'cache miss'
397
                else: msg += 'non-cacheable'
398 3239 aaronmk
399 3241 aaronmk
                msg += ':\n'+profiler.msg()+'\n'+strings.as_code(query, 'SQL')
400 3240 aaronmk
401 3237 aaronmk
                if debug_msg_ref != None: debug_msg_ref[0] = msg
402
                else: self.log_debug(msg, log_level)
403 3245 aaronmk
404
                self.print_notices()
405 1903 aaronmk
406
        return cur
407 1914 aaronmk
408 2797 aaronmk
    def is_cached(self, query): return query in self.query_results
409 2139 aaronmk
410 2907 aaronmk
    def with_autocommit(self, func):
411 2801 aaronmk
        import psycopg2.extensions
412
413
        prev_isolation_level = self.db.isolation_level
414 2907 aaronmk
        self.db.set_isolation_level(
415
            psycopg2.extensions.ISOLATION_LEVEL_AUTOCOMMIT)
416 2683 aaronmk
        try: return func()
417 2801 aaronmk
        finally: self.db.set_isolation_level(prev_isolation_level)
418 2683 aaronmk
419 2139 aaronmk
    def with_savepoint(self, func):
420 3137 aaronmk
        top = self._savepoint == 0
421 2171 aaronmk
        savepoint = 'level_'+str(self._savepoint)
422 3137 aaronmk
423 3272 aaronmk
        if self.debug:
424 3273 aaronmk
            self.log_debug('Begin transaction', level=4)
425 3272 aaronmk
            profiler = profiling.ItersProfiler(start_now=True, iter_text='row')
426
427 3160 aaronmk
        # Must happen before running queries so they don't get autocommitted
428
        self._savepoint += 1
429
430 3137 aaronmk
        if top: query = 'START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED'
431
        else: query = 'SAVEPOINT '+savepoint
432
        self.run_query(query, log_level=4)
433
        try:
434
            return func()
435
            if top: self.run_query('COMMIT', log_level=4)
436 2139 aaronmk
        except:
437 3137 aaronmk
            if top: query = 'ROLLBACK'
438
            else: query = 'ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT '+savepoint
439
            self.run_query(query, log_level=4)
440
441 2139 aaronmk
            raise
442 2930 aaronmk
        finally:
443
            # Always release savepoint, because after ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT,
444
            # "The savepoint remains valid and can be rolled back to again"
445
            # (http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.3/static/sql-rollback-to.html).
446 3137 aaronmk
            if not top:
447
                self.run_query('RELEASE SAVEPOINT '+savepoint, log_level=4)
448 2930 aaronmk
449
            self._savepoint -= 1
450
            assert self._savepoint >= 0
451
452 3272 aaronmk
            if self.debug:
453
                profiler.stop(self.profile_row_ct)
454 3273 aaronmk
                self.log_debug('End transaction\n'+profiler.msg(), level=4)
455 3272 aaronmk
456 2930 aaronmk
            self.do_autocommit() # OK to do this after ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
457 2191 aaronmk
458
    def do_autocommit(self):
459
        '''Autocommits if outside savepoint'''
460 3135 aaronmk
        assert self._savepoint >= 1
461
        if self.autocommit and self._savepoint == 1:
462 2924 aaronmk
            self.log_debug('Autocommitting', level=4)
463 2191 aaronmk
            self.db.commit()
464 2643 aaronmk
465 3155 aaronmk
    def col_info(self, col, cacheable=True):
466 2643 aaronmk
        table = sql_gen.Table('columns', 'information_schema')
467 3063 aaronmk
        type_ = sql_gen.Coalesce(sql_gen.Nullif(sql_gen.Col('data_type'),
468
            'USER-DEFINED'), sql_gen.Col('udt_name'))
469 3078 aaronmk
        cols = [type_, 'column_default',
470
            sql_gen.Cast('boolean', sql_gen.Col('is_nullable'))]
471 2643 aaronmk
472 3750 aaronmk
        conds = [('table_name', col.table.name),
473
            ('column_name', strings.ustr(col.name))]
474 2643 aaronmk
        schema = col.table.schema
475
        if schema != None: conds.append(('table_schema', schema))
476
477 3638 aaronmk
        cur = select(self, table, cols, conds, order_by='table_schema', limit=1,
478
            cacheable=cacheable, log_level=4) # TODO: order by search_path order
479
        try: type_, default, nullable = row(cur)
480
        except StopIteration: raise sql_gen.NoUnderlyingTableException
481 2819 aaronmk
        default = sql_gen.as_Code(default, self)
482
483
        return sql_gen.TypedCol(col.name, type_, default, nullable)
484 2917 aaronmk
485
    def TempFunction(self, name):
486
        if self.debug_temp: schema = None
487
        else: schema = 'pg_temp'
488
        return sql_gen.Function(name, schema)
489 1849 aaronmk
490 1869 aaronmk
connect = DbConn
491
492 832 aaronmk
##### Recoverable querying
493 15 aaronmk
494 2139 aaronmk
def with_savepoint(db, func): return db.with_savepoint(func)
495 11 aaronmk
496 2791 aaronmk
def run_query(db, query, recover=None, cacheable=False, log_level=2,
497
    log_ignore_excs=None, **kw_args):
498 2794 aaronmk
    '''For params, see DbConn.run_query()'''
499 830 aaronmk
    if recover == None: recover = False
500 2464 aaronmk
    if log_ignore_excs == None: log_ignore_excs = ()
501
    log_ignore_excs = tuple(log_ignore_excs)
502 3236 aaronmk
    debug_msg_ref = [None]
503 830 aaronmk
504 3267 aaronmk
    query = with_explain_comment(db, query)
505 3258 aaronmk
506 2148 aaronmk
    try:
507 2464 aaronmk
        try:
508 2794 aaronmk
            def run(): return db.run_query(query, cacheable, log_level,
509 2793 aaronmk
                debug_msg_ref, **kw_args)
510 2796 aaronmk
            if recover and not db.is_cached(query):
511 2464 aaronmk
                return with_savepoint(db, run)
512
            else: return run() # don't need savepoint if cached
513
        except Exception, e:
514 3095 aaronmk
            msg = strings.ustr(e.args[0])
515 4103 aaronmk
            msg = re.sub(r'^(?:PL/Python: )?ValueError: ', r'', msg)
516 2464 aaronmk
517 3095 aaronmk
            match = re.match(r'^duplicate key value violates unique constraint '
518 3338 aaronmk
                r'"(.+?)"', msg)
519 2464 aaronmk
            if match:
520 3338 aaronmk
                constraint, = match.groups()
521 3025 aaronmk
                cols = []
522
                if recover: # need auto-rollback to run index_cols()
523 3319 aaronmk
                    try: cols = index_cols(db, constraint)
524 3025 aaronmk
                    except NotImplementedError: pass
525 3345 aaronmk
                raise DuplicateKeyException(constraint, None, cols, e)
526 2464 aaronmk
527 3095 aaronmk
            match = re.match(r'^null value in column "(.+?)" violates not-null'
528 2464 aaronmk
                r' constraint', msg)
529 3345 aaronmk
            if match:
530
                col, = match.groups()
531
                raise NullValueException('NOT NULL', None, [col], e)
532 2464 aaronmk
533 3346 aaronmk
            match = re.match(r'^new row for relation "(.+?)" violates check '
534
                r'constraint "(.+?)"', msg)
535
            if match:
536
                table, constraint = match.groups()
537 3347 aaronmk
                constraint = sql_gen.Col(constraint, table)
538 3349 aaronmk
                cond = None
539
                if recover: # need auto-rollback to run constraint_cond()
540
                    try: cond = constraint_cond(db, constraint)
541
                    except NotImplementedError: pass
542
                raise CheckException(constraint.to_str(db), cond, [], e)
543 3346 aaronmk
544 3095 aaronmk
            match = re.match(r'^(?:invalid input (?:syntax|value)\b.*?'
545 3635 aaronmk
                r'|.+? out of range): "(.+?)"', msg)
546 2464 aaronmk
            if match:
547 3109 aaronmk
                value, = match.groups()
548
                raise InvalidValueException(strings.to_unicode(value), e)
549 2464 aaronmk
550 3095 aaronmk
            match = re.match(r'^column "(.+?)" is of type (.+?) but expression '
551 2523 aaronmk
                r'is of type', msg)
552
            if match:
553
                col, type_ = match.groups()
554
                raise MissingCastException(type_, col, e)
555
556 3419 aaronmk
            typed_name_re = r'^(\S+) "(.+?)"'
557
558
            match = re.match(typed_name_re+r'.*? already exists', msg)
559 2945 aaronmk
            if match:
560
                type_, name = match.groups()
561
                raise DuplicateException(type_, name, e)
562 2464 aaronmk
563 3419 aaronmk
            match = re.match(typed_name_re+r' does not exist', msg)
564
            if match:
565
                type_, name = match.groups()
566
                raise DoesNotExistException(type_, name, e)
567
568 2464 aaronmk
            raise # no specific exception raised
569
    except log_ignore_excs:
570
        log_level += 2
571
        raise
572
    finally:
573 3236 aaronmk
        if debug_msg_ref[0] != None: db.log_debug(debug_msg_ref[0], log_level)
574 830 aaronmk
575 832 aaronmk
##### Basic queries
576
577 3256 aaronmk
def is_explainable(query):
578
    # See <http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.3/static/sql-explain.html#AEN57749>
579 3257 aaronmk
    return re.match(r'^(?:SELECT|INSERT|UPDATE|DELETE|VALUES|EXECUTE|DECLARE)\b'
580
        , query)
581 3256 aaronmk
582 3263 aaronmk
def explain(db, query, **kw_args):
583
    '''
584
    For params, see run_query().
585
    '''
586 3267 aaronmk
    kw_args.setdefault('log_level', 4)
587 3263 aaronmk
588 3750 aaronmk
    return strings.ustr(strings.join_lines(values(run_query(db,
589
        'EXPLAIN '+query, recover=True, cacheable=True, **kw_args))))
590 3256 aaronmk
        # not a higher log_level because it's useful to see what query is being
591
        # run before it's executed, which EXPLAIN effectively provides
592
593 3265 aaronmk
def has_comment(query): return query.endswith('*/')
594
595
def with_explain_comment(db, query, **kw_args):
596 3269 aaronmk
    if db.autoexplain and not has_comment(query) and is_explainable(query):
597 3265 aaronmk
        query += '\n'+sql_gen.esc_comment(' EXPLAIN:\n'
598
            +explain(db, query, **kw_args))
599
    return query
600
601 2153 aaronmk
def next_version(name):
602 2163 aaronmk
    version = 1 # first existing name was version 0
603 2586 aaronmk
    match = re.match(r'^(.*)#(\d+)$', name)
604 2153 aaronmk
    if match:
605 2586 aaronmk
        name, version = match.groups()
606
        version = int(version)+1
607 2932 aaronmk
    return sql_gen.concat(name, '#'+str(version))
608 2153 aaronmk
609 2899 aaronmk
def lock_table(db, table, mode):
610
    table = sql_gen.as_Table(table)
611
    run_query(db, 'LOCK TABLE '+table.to_str(db)+' IN '+mode+' MODE')
612
613 3303 aaronmk
def run_query_into(db, query, into=None, add_pkey_=False, **kw_args):
614 2085 aaronmk
    '''Outputs a query to a temp table.
615
    For params, see run_query().
616
    '''
617 2789 aaronmk
    if into == None: return run_query(db, query, **kw_args)
618 2790 aaronmk
619
    assert isinstance(into, sql_gen.Table)
620
621 2992 aaronmk
    into.is_temp = True
622 3008 aaronmk
    # "temporary tables cannot specify a schema name", so remove schema
623
    into.schema = None
624 2992 aaronmk
625 2790 aaronmk
    kw_args['recover'] = True
626 2945 aaronmk
    kw_args.setdefault('log_ignore_excs', (DuplicateException,))
627 2790 aaronmk
628 2916 aaronmk
    temp = not db.debug_temp # tables are permanent in debug_temp mode
629 2790 aaronmk
630
    # Create table
631
    while True:
632
        create_query = 'CREATE'
633
        if temp: create_query += ' TEMP'
634
        create_query += ' TABLE '+into.to_str(db)+' AS\n'+query
635 2385 aaronmk
636 2790 aaronmk
        try:
637
            cur = run_query(db, create_query, **kw_args)
638
                # CREATE TABLE AS sets rowcount to # rows in query
639
            break
640 2945 aaronmk
        except DuplicateException, e:
641 2790 aaronmk
            into.name = next_version(into.name)
642
            # try again with next version of name
643
644 3303 aaronmk
    if add_pkey_: add_pkey(db, into)
645 3075 aaronmk
646
    # According to the PostgreSQL doc, "The autovacuum daemon cannot access and
647
    # therefore cannot vacuum or analyze temporary tables. [...] if a temporary
648
    # table is going to be used in complex queries, it is wise to run ANALYZE on
649
    # the temporary table after it is populated."
650
    # (http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/static/sql-createtable.html)
651
    # If into is not a temp table, ANALYZE is useful but not required.
652 3073 aaronmk
    analyze(db, into)
653 2790 aaronmk
654
    return cur
655 2085 aaronmk
656 2120 aaronmk
order_by_pkey = object() # tells mk_select() to order by the pkey
657
658 2199 aaronmk
distinct_on_all = object() # tells mk_select() to SELECT DISTINCT ON all columns
659
660 3420 aaronmk
def mk_select(db, tables=None, fields=None, conds=None, distinct_on=[],
661 3494 aaronmk
    limit=None, start=None, order_by=order_by_pkey, default_table=None,
662
    explain=True):
663 1981 aaronmk
    '''
664 2121 aaronmk
    @param tables The single table to select from, or a list of tables to join
665 2280 aaronmk
        together, with tables after the first being sql_gen.Join objects
666 1981 aaronmk
    @param fields Use None to select all fields in the table
667 2377 aaronmk
    @param conds WHERE conditions: [(compare_left_side, compare_right_side),...]
668 2379 aaronmk
        * container can be any iterable type
669 2399 aaronmk
        * compare_left_side: sql_gen.Code|str (for col name)
670
        * compare_right_side: sql_gen.ValueCond|literal value
671 2199 aaronmk
    @param distinct_on The columns to SELECT DISTINCT ON, or distinct_on_all to
672
        use all columns
673 2786 aaronmk
    @return query
674 1981 aaronmk
    '''
675 2315 aaronmk
    # Parse tables param
676 2964 aaronmk
    tables = lists.mk_seq(tables)
677 2141 aaronmk
    tables = list(tables) # don't modify input! (list() copies input)
678 2315 aaronmk
    table0 = sql_gen.as_Table(tables.pop(0)) # first table is separate
679 2121 aaronmk
680 2315 aaronmk
    # Parse other params
681 2376 aaronmk
    if conds == None: conds = []
682 2650 aaronmk
    elif dicts.is_dict(conds): conds = conds.items()
683 2379 aaronmk
    conds = list(conds) # don't modify input! (list() copies input)
684 3129 aaronmk
    assert limit == None or isinstance(limit, (int, long))
685
    assert start == None or isinstance(start, (int, long))
686 2315 aaronmk
    if order_by is order_by_pkey:
687 3421 aaronmk
        if table0 == None or distinct_on != []: order_by = None
688 2315 aaronmk
        else: order_by = pkey(db, table0, recover=True)
689 865 aaronmk
690 2315 aaronmk
    query = 'SELECT'
691 2056 aaronmk
692 2315 aaronmk
    def parse_col(col): return sql_gen.as_Col(col, default_table).to_str(db)
693 2056 aaronmk
694 2200 aaronmk
    # DISTINCT ON columns
695 2233 aaronmk
    if distinct_on != []:
696 2467 aaronmk
        query += '\nDISTINCT'
697 2254 aaronmk
        if distinct_on is not distinct_on_all:
698 2200 aaronmk
            query += ' ON ('+(', '.join(map(parse_col, distinct_on)))+')'
699
700
    # Columns
701 3185 aaronmk
    if query.find('\n') >= 0: whitespace = '\n'
702
    else: whitespace = ' '
703
    if fields == None: query += whitespace+'*'
704 2765 aaronmk
    else:
705
        assert fields != []
706 3185 aaronmk
        if len(fields) > 1: whitespace = '\n'
707
        query += whitespace+('\n, '.join(map(parse_col, fields)))
708 2200 aaronmk
709
    # Main table
710 3185 aaronmk
    if query.find('\n') >= 0 or len(tables) > 0: whitespace = '\n'
711
    else: whitespace = ' '
712 3420 aaronmk
    if table0 != None: query += whitespace+'FROM '+table0.to_str(db)
713 865 aaronmk
714 2122 aaronmk
    # Add joins
715 2271 aaronmk
    left_table = table0
716 2263 aaronmk
    for join_ in tables:
717
        table = join_.table
718 2238 aaronmk
719 2343 aaronmk
        # Parse special values
720
        if join_.type_ is sql_gen.filter_out: # filter no match
721 2376 aaronmk
            conds.append((sql_gen.Col(table_not_null_col(db, table), table),
722 2853 aaronmk
                sql_gen.CompareCond(None, '~=')))
723 2343 aaronmk
724 2467 aaronmk
        query += '\n'+join_.to_str(db, left_table)
725 2122 aaronmk
726
        left_table = table
727
728 865 aaronmk
    missing = True
729 2376 aaronmk
    if conds != []:
730 2576 aaronmk
        if len(conds) == 1: whitespace = ' '
731
        else: whitespace = '\n'
732 2578 aaronmk
        query += '\n'+sql_gen.combine_conds([sql_gen.ColValueCond(l, r)
733
            .to_str(db) for l, r in conds], 'WHERE')
734 2227 aaronmk
    if order_by != None:
735 2467 aaronmk
        query += '\nORDER BY '+sql_gen.as_Col(order_by, table0).to_str(db)
736 3297 aaronmk
    if limit != None: query += '\nLIMIT '+str(limit)
737 865 aaronmk
    if start != None:
738 2467 aaronmk
        if start != 0: query += '\nOFFSET '+str(start)
739 865 aaronmk
740 3494 aaronmk
    if explain: query = with_explain_comment(db, query)
741 3266 aaronmk
742 2786 aaronmk
    return query
743 11 aaronmk
744 2054 aaronmk
def select(db, *args, **kw_args):
745
    '''For params, see mk_select() and run_query()'''
746
    recover = kw_args.pop('recover', None)
747
    cacheable = kw_args.pop('cacheable', True)
748 2442 aaronmk
    log_level = kw_args.pop('log_level', 2)
749 2054 aaronmk
750 2791 aaronmk
    return run_query(db, mk_select(db, *args, **kw_args), recover, cacheable,
751
        log_level=log_level)
752 2054 aaronmk
753 2788 aaronmk
def mk_insert_select(db, table, cols=None, select_query=None, returning=None,
754 3181 aaronmk
    embeddable=False, ignore=False, src=None):
755 1960 aaronmk
    '''
756
    @param returning str|None An inserted column (such as pkey) to return
757 2070 aaronmk
    @param embeddable Whether the query should be embeddable as a nested SELECT.
758 2073 aaronmk
        Warning: If you set this and cacheable=True when the query is run, the
759
        query will be fully cached, not just if it raises an exception.
760 3009 aaronmk
    @param ignore Whether to ignore duplicate keys.
761 3181 aaronmk
    @param src Will be included in the name of any created function, to help
762
        identify the data source in pg_stat_activity.
763 1960 aaronmk
    '''
764 2754 aaronmk
    table = sql_gen.remove_table_rename(sql_gen.as_Table(table))
765 2318 aaronmk
    if cols == []: cols = None # no cols (all defaults) = unknown col names
766 3010 aaronmk
    if cols != None: cols = [sql_gen.to_name_only_col(c, table) for c in cols]
767 2063 aaronmk
    if select_query == None: select_query = 'DEFAULT VALUES'
768 2327 aaronmk
    if returning != None: returning = sql_gen.as_Col(returning, table)
769 2063 aaronmk
770 2497 aaronmk
    first_line = 'INSERT INTO '+table.to_str(db)
771 2063 aaronmk
772 3009 aaronmk
    def mk_insert(select_query):
773
        query = first_line
774 3014 aaronmk
        if cols != None:
775
            query += '\n('+(', '.join((c.to_str(db) for c in cols)))+')'
776 3009 aaronmk
        query += '\n'+select_query
777
778
        if returning != None:
779
            returning_name_col = sql_gen.to_name_only_col(returning)
780
            query += '\nRETURNING '+returning_name_col.to_str(db)
781
782
        return query
783 2063 aaronmk
784 3489 aaronmk
    return_type = sql_gen.CustomCode('unknown')
785
    if returning != None: return_type = sql_gen.ColType(returning)
786 3017 aaronmk
787 3009 aaronmk
    if ignore:
788 3017 aaronmk
        # Always return something to set the correct rowcount
789
        if returning == None: returning = sql_gen.NamedCol('NULL', None)
790
791 3009 aaronmk
        embeddable = True # must use function
792 3010 aaronmk
793 3450 aaronmk
        if cols == None: row = [sql_gen.Col(sql_gen.all_cols, 'row')]
794
        else: row = [sql_gen.Col(c.name, 'row') for c in cols]
795 3092 aaronmk
796 3484 aaronmk
        query = sql_gen.RowExcIgnore(sql_gen.RowType(table), select_query,
797 3497 aaronmk
            sql_gen.ReturnQuery(mk_insert(sql_gen.Values(row).to_str(db))),
798
            cols)
799 3009 aaronmk
    else: query = mk_insert(select_query)
800
801 2070 aaronmk
    if embeddable:
802
        # Create function
803 2513 aaronmk
        function_name = sql_gen.clean_name(first_line)
804 3181 aaronmk
        if src != None: function_name = src+': '+function_name
805 2189 aaronmk
        while True:
806
            try:
807 3451 aaronmk
                func = db.TempFunction(function_name)
808 3489 aaronmk
                def_ = sql_gen.FunctionDef(func, sql_gen.SetOf(return_type),
809
                    query)
810 2194 aaronmk
811 3443 aaronmk
                run_query(db, def_.to_str(db), recover=True, cacheable=True,
812 2945 aaronmk
                    log_ignore_excs=(DuplicateException,))
813 2189 aaronmk
                break # this version was successful
814 2945 aaronmk
            except DuplicateException, e:
815 2189 aaronmk
                function_name = next_version(function_name)
816
                # try again with next version of name
817 2070 aaronmk
818 2337 aaronmk
        # Return query that uses function
819 3009 aaronmk
        cols = None
820
        if returning != None: cols = [returning]
821 3451 aaronmk
        func_table = sql_gen.NamedTable('f', sql_gen.FunctionCall(func), cols)
822
            # AS clause requires function alias
823 3298 aaronmk
        return mk_select(db, func_table, order_by=None)
824 2070 aaronmk
825 2787 aaronmk
    return query
826 2066 aaronmk
827 3074 aaronmk
def insert_select(db, table, *args, **kw_args):
828 2085 aaronmk
    '''For params, see mk_insert_select() and run_query_into()
829 2386 aaronmk
    @param into sql_gen.Table with suggested name of temp table to put RETURNING
830
        values in
831 2072 aaronmk
    '''
832 3141 aaronmk
    returning = kw_args.get('returning', None)
833
    ignore = kw_args.get('ignore', False)
834
835 2386 aaronmk
    into = kw_args.pop('into', None)
836
    if into != None: kw_args['embeddable'] = True
837 2066 aaronmk
    recover = kw_args.pop('recover', None)
838 3141 aaronmk
    if ignore: recover = True
839 2066 aaronmk
    cacheable = kw_args.pop('cacheable', True)
840 2673 aaronmk
    log_level = kw_args.pop('log_level', 2)
841 2066 aaronmk
842 3141 aaronmk
    rowcount_only = ignore and returning == None # keep NULL rows on server
843
    if rowcount_only: into = sql_gen.Table('rowcount')
844
845 3074 aaronmk
    cur = run_query_into(db, mk_insert_select(db, table, *args, **kw_args),
846
        into, recover=recover, cacheable=cacheable, log_level=log_level)
847 3141 aaronmk
    if rowcount_only: empty_temp(db, into)
848 3074 aaronmk
    autoanalyze(db, table)
849
    return cur
850 2063 aaronmk
851 2738 aaronmk
default = sql_gen.default # tells insert() to use the default value for a column
852 2066 aaronmk
853 2063 aaronmk
def insert(db, table, row, *args, **kw_args):
854 2085 aaronmk
    '''For params, see insert_select()'''
855 1960 aaronmk
    if lists.is_seq(row): cols = None
856
    else:
857
        cols = row.keys()
858
        row = row.values()
859 2738 aaronmk
    row = list(row) # ensure that "== []" works
860 1960 aaronmk
861 2738 aaronmk
    if row == []: query = None
862
    else: query = sql_gen.Values(row).to_str(db)
863 1961 aaronmk
864 2788 aaronmk
    return insert_select(db, table, cols, query, *args, **kw_args)
865 11 aaronmk
866 3152 aaronmk
def mk_update(db, table, changes=None, cond=None, in_place=False,
867 3153 aaronmk
    cacheable_=True):
868 2402 aaronmk
    '''
869
    @param changes [(col, new_value),...]
870
        * container can be any iterable type
871
        * col: sql_gen.Code|str (for col name)
872
        * new_value: sql_gen.Code|literal value
873
    @param cond sql_gen.Code WHERE condition. e.g. use sql_gen.*Cond objects.
874 3056 aaronmk
    @param in_place If set, locks the table and updates rows in place.
875
        This avoids creating dead rows in PostgreSQL.
876
        * cond must be None
877 3153 aaronmk
    @param cacheable_ Whether column structure information used to generate the
878 3152 aaronmk
        query can be cached
879 2402 aaronmk
    @return str query
880
    '''
881 3057 aaronmk
    table = sql_gen.as_Table(table)
882
    changes = [(sql_gen.to_name_only_col(c, table), sql_gen.as_Value(v))
883
        for c, v in changes]
884
885 3056 aaronmk
    if in_place:
886
        assert cond == None
887 3058 aaronmk
888 3065 aaronmk
        query = 'ALTER TABLE '+table.to_str(db)+'\n'
889
        query += ',\n'.join(('ALTER COLUMN '+c.to_str(db)+' TYPE '
890 3153 aaronmk
            +db.col_info(sql_gen.with_default_table(c, table), cacheable_).type
891 3065 aaronmk
            +'\nUSING '+v.to_str(db) for c, v in changes))
892 3058 aaronmk
    else:
893
        query = 'UPDATE '+table.to_str(db)+'\nSET\n'
894
        query += ',\n'.join((c.to_str(db)+' = '+v.to_str(db)
895
            for c, v in changes))
896
        if cond != None: query += '\nWHERE\n'+cond.to_str(db)
897 3056 aaronmk
898 3266 aaronmk
    query = with_explain_comment(db, query)
899
900 2402 aaronmk
    return query
901
902 3074 aaronmk
def update(db, table, *args, **kw_args):
903 2402 aaronmk
    '''For params, see mk_update() and run_query()'''
904
    recover = kw_args.pop('recover', None)
905 3043 aaronmk
    cacheable = kw_args.pop('cacheable', False)
906 3030 aaronmk
    log_level = kw_args.pop('log_level', 2)
907 2402 aaronmk
908 3074 aaronmk
    cur = run_query(db, mk_update(db, table, *args, **kw_args), recover,
909
        cacheable, log_level=log_level)
910
    autoanalyze(db, table)
911
    return cur
912 2402 aaronmk
913 3286 aaronmk
def mk_delete(db, table, cond=None):
914
    '''
915
    @param cond sql_gen.Code WHERE condition. e.g. use sql_gen.*Cond objects.
916
    @return str query
917
    '''
918
    query = 'DELETE FROM '+table.to_str(db)
919
    if cond != None: query += '\nWHERE '+cond.to_str(db)
920
921
    query = with_explain_comment(db, query)
922
923
    return query
924
925
def delete(db, table, *args, **kw_args):
926
    '''For params, see mk_delete() and run_query()'''
927
    recover = kw_args.pop('recover', None)
928 3295 aaronmk
    cacheable = kw_args.pop('cacheable', True)
929 3286 aaronmk
    log_level = kw_args.pop('log_level', 2)
930
931
    cur = run_query(db, mk_delete(db, table, *args, **kw_args), recover,
932
        cacheable, log_level=log_level)
933
    autoanalyze(db, table)
934
    return cur
935
936 135 aaronmk
def last_insert_id(db):
937 1849 aaronmk
    module = util.root_module(db.db)
938 135 aaronmk
    if module == 'psycopg2': return value(run_query(db, 'SELECT lastval()'))
939
    elif module == 'MySQLdb': return db.insert_id()
940
    else: return None
941 13 aaronmk
942 3490 aaronmk
def define_func(db, def_):
943
    func = def_.function
944
    while True:
945
        try:
946
            run_query(db, def_.to_str(db), recover=True, cacheable=True,
947
                log_ignore_excs=(DuplicateException,))
948
            break # successful
949
        except DuplicateException:
950 3495 aaronmk
            func.name = next_version(func.name)
951 3490 aaronmk
            # try again with next version of name
952
953 2394 aaronmk
def mk_flatten_mapping(db, into, cols, preserve=[], as_items=False):
954 2383 aaronmk
    '''Creates a mapping from original column names (which may have collisions)
955 2415 aaronmk
    to names that will be distinct among the columns' tables.
956 2383 aaronmk
    This is meant to be used for several tables that are being joined together.
957 2415 aaronmk
    @param cols The columns to combine. Duplicates will be removed.
958
    @param into The table for the new columns.
959 2394 aaronmk
    @param preserve [sql_gen.Col...] Columns not to rename. Note that these
960
        columns will be included in the mapping even if they are not in cols.
961
        The tables of the provided Col objects will be changed to into, so make
962
        copies of them if you want to keep the original tables.
963
    @param as_items Whether to return a list of dict items instead of a dict
964 2383 aaronmk
    @return dict(orig_col=new_col, ...)
965
        * orig_col: sql_gen.Col(orig_col_name, orig_table)
966 2392 aaronmk
        * new_col: sql_gen.Col(orig_col_name, into)
967
        * All mappings use the into table so its name can easily be
968 2383 aaronmk
          changed for all columns at once
969
    '''
970 2415 aaronmk
    cols = lists.uniqify(cols)
971
972 2394 aaronmk
    items = []
973 2389 aaronmk
    for col in preserve:
974 2390 aaronmk
        orig_col = copy.copy(col)
975 2392 aaronmk
        col.table = into
976 2394 aaronmk
        items.append((orig_col, col))
977
    preserve = set(preserve)
978
    for col in cols:
979 2716 aaronmk
        if col not in preserve:
980 3750 aaronmk
            items.append((col, sql_gen.Col(strings.ustr(col), into, col.srcs)))
981 2394 aaronmk
982
    if not as_items: items = dict(items)
983
    return items
984 2383 aaronmk
985 2393 aaronmk
def flatten(db, into, joins, cols, limit=None, start=None, **kw_args):
986 2391 aaronmk
    '''For params, see mk_flatten_mapping()
987
    @return See return value of mk_flatten_mapping()
988
    '''
989 2394 aaronmk
    items = mk_flatten_mapping(db, into, cols, as_items=True, **kw_args)
990
    cols = [sql_gen.NamedCol(new.name, old) for old, new in items]
991 3296 aaronmk
    run_query_into(db, mk_select(db, joins, cols, order_by=None, limit=limit,
992 3305 aaronmk
        start=start), into=into, add_pkey_=True)
993 3708 aaronmk
        # don't cache because the temp table will usually be truncated after use
994 2394 aaronmk
    return dict(items)
995 2391 aaronmk
996 3079 aaronmk
##### Database structure introspection
997 2414 aaronmk
998 3321 aaronmk
#### Expressions
999
1000 3353 aaronmk
bool_re = r'(?:true|false)'
1001
1002
def simplify_expr(expr):
1003
    expr = expr.replace('(NULL IS NULL)', 'true')
1004
    expr = expr.replace('(NULL IS NOT NULL)', 'false')
1005
    expr = re.sub(r' OR '+bool_re, r'', expr)
1006
    expr = re.sub(bool_re+r' OR ', r'', expr)
1007
    while True:
1008
        expr, n = re.subn(r'\((\([^()]*\))\)', r'\1', expr)
1009
        if n == 0: break
1010
    return expr
1011
1012 3321 aaronmk
name_re = r'(?:\w+|(?:"[^"]*")+)'
1013
1014
def parse_expr_col(str_):
1015
    match = re.match(r'^\('+name_re+r'\(('+name_re+r').*\)\)$', str_)
1016
    if match: str_ = match.group(1)
1017
    return sql_gen.unesc_name(str_)
1018
1019 3351 aaronmk
def map_expr(db, expr, mapping, in_cols_found=None):
1020
    '''Replaces output columns with input columns in an expression.
1021
    @param in_cols_found If set, will be filled in with the expr's (input) cols
1022
    '''
1023
    for out, in_ in mapping.iteritems():
1024
        orig_expr = expr
1025
        out = sql_gen.to_name_only_col(out)
1026
        in_str = sql_gen.to_name_only_col(sql_gen.remove_col_rename(in_)
1027
            ).to_str(db)
1028
1029
        # Replace out both with and without quotes
1030
        expr = expr.replace(out.to_str(db), in_str)
1031
        expr = re.sub(r'\b'+out.name+r'\b', in_str, expr)
1032
1033
        if in_cols_found != None and expr != orig_expr: # replaced something
1034
            in_cols_found.append(in_)
1035 3353 aaronmk
1036
    return simplify_expr(expr)
1037 3351 aaronmk
1038 3079 aaronmk
#### Tables
1039
1040
def tables(db, schema_like='public', table_like='%', exact=False):
1041
    if exact: compare = '='
1042
    else: compare = 'LIKE'
1043
1044
    module = util.root_module(db.db)
1045
    if module == 'psycopg2':
1046
        conds = [('schemaname', sql_gen.CompareCond(schema_like, compare)),
1047
            ('tablename', sql_gen.CompareCond(table_like, compare))]
1048
        return values(select(db, 'pg_tables', ['tablename'], conds,
1049
            order_by='tablename', log_level=4))
1050
    elif module == 'MySQLdb':
1051
        return values(run_query(db, 'SHOW TABLES LIKE '+db.esc_value(table_like)
1052
            , cacheable=True, log_level=4))
1053
    else: raise NotImplementedError("Can't list tables for "+module+' database')
1054
1055
def table_exists(db, table):
1056
    table = sql_gen.as_Table(table)
1057
    return list(tables(db, table.schema, table.name, exact=True)) != []
1058
1059 2426 aaronmk
def table_row_count(db, table, recover=None):
1060 2786 aaronmk
    return value(run_query(db, mk_select(db, table, [sql_gen.row_count],
1061 3298 aaronmk
        order_by=None), recover=recover, log_level=3))
1062 2426 aaronmk
1063 2414 aaronmk
def table_cols(db, table, recover=None):
1064
    return list(col_names(select(db, table, limit=0, order_by=None,
1065 2443 aaronmk
        recover=recover, log_level=4)))
1066 2414 aaronmk
1067 2291 aaronmk
def pkey(db, table, recover=None):
1068 832 aaronmk
    '''Assumed to be first column in table'''
1069 2339 aaronmk
    return table_cols(db, table, recover)[0]
1070 832 aaronmk
1071 2559 aaronmk
not_null_col = 'not_null_col'
1072 2340 aaronmk
1073
def table_not_null_col(db, table, recover=None):
1074
    '''Name assumed to be the value of not_null_col. If not found, uses pkey.'''
1075
    if not_null_col in table_cols(db, table, recover): return not_null_col
1076
    else: return pkey(db, table, recover)
1077
1078 3348 aaronmk
def constraint_cond(db, constraint):
1079
    module = util.root_module(db.db)
1080
    if module == 'psycopg2':
1081
        table_str = sql_gen.Literal(constraint.table.to_str(db))
1082
        name_str = sql_gen.Literal(constraint.name)
1083
        return value(run_query(db, '''\
1084
SELECT consrc
1085
FROM pg_constraint
1086
WHERE
1087
conrelid = '''+table_str.to_str(db)+'''::regclass
1088
AND conname = '''+name_str.to_str(db)+'''
1089
'''
1090
            , cacheable=True, log_level=4))
1091
    else: raise NotImplementedError("Can't list index columns for "+module+
1092
        ' database')
1093
1094 3319 aaronmk
def index_cols(db, index):
1095 853 aaronmk
    '''Can also use this for UNIQUE constraints, because a UNIQUE index is
1096
    automatically created. When you don't know whether something is a UNIQUE
1097
    constraint or a UNIQUE index, use this function.'''
1098 3322 aaronmk
    index = sql_gen.as_Table(index)
1099 1909 aaronmk
    module = util.root_module(db.db)
1100
    if module == 'psycopg2':
1101 3322 aaronmk
        qual_index = sql_gen.Literal(index.to_str(db))
1102
        return map(parse_expr_col, values(run_query(db, '''\
1103
SELECT pg_get_indexdef(indexrelid, generate_series(1, indnatts), true)
1104
FROM pg_index
1105
WHERE indexrelid = '''+qual_index.to_str(db)+'''::regclass
1106 2782 aaronmk
'''
1107
            , cacheable=True, log_level=4)))
1108 1909 aaronmk
    else: raise NotImplementedError("Can't list index columns for "+module+
1109
        ' database')
1110 853 aaronmk
1111 3079 aaronmk
#### Functions
1112
1113
def function_exists(db, function):
1114 3423 aaronmk
    qual_function = sql_gen.Literal(function.to_str(db))
1115
    try:
1116 3425 aaronmk
        select(db, fields=[sql_gen.Cast('regproc', qual_function)],
1117
            recover=True, cacheable=True, log_level=4)
1118 3423 aaronmk
    except DoesNotExistException: return False
1119
    else: return True
1120 3079 aaronmk
1121
##### Structural changes
1122
1123
#### Columns
1124
1125
def add_col(db, table, col, comment=None, **kw_args):
1126
    '''
1127
    @param col TypedCol Name may be versioned, so be sure to propagate any
1128
        renaming back to any source column for the TypedCol.
1129
    @param comment None|str SQL comment used to distinguish columns of the same
1130
        name from each other when they contain different data, to allow the
1131
        ADD COLUMN query to be cached. If not set, query will not be cached.
1132
    '''
1133
    assert isinstance(col, sql_gen.TypedCol)
1134
1135
    while True:
1136
        str_ = 'ALTER TABLE '+table.to_str(db)+' ADD COLUMN '+col.to_str(db)
1137
        if comment != None: str_ += ' '+sql_gen.esc_comment(comment)
1138
1139
        try:
1140
            run_query(db, str_, recover=True, cacheable=True, **kw_args)
1141
            break
1142
        except DuplicateException:
1143
            col.name = next_version(col.name)
1144
            # try again with next version of name
1145
1146
def add_not_null(db, col):
1147
    table = col.table
1148
    col = sql_gen.to_name_only_col(col)
1149
    run_query(db, 'ALTER TABLE '+table.to_str(db)+' ALTER COLUMN '
1150
        +col.to_str(db)+' SET NOT NULL', cacheable=True, log_level=3)
1151
1152 2096 aaronmk
row_num_col = '_row_num'
1153
1154 3079 aaronmk
row_num_typed_col = sql_gen.TypedCol(row_num_col, 'serial', nullable=False,
1155
    constraints='PRIMARY KEY')
1156
1157
def add_row_num(db, table):
1158
    '''Adds a row number column to a table. Its name is in row_num_col. It will
1159
    be the primary key.'''
1160
    add_col(db, table, row_num_typed_col, log_level=3)
1161
1162
#### Indexes
1163
1164
def add_pkey(db, table, cols=None, recover=None):
1165
    '''Adds a primary key.
1166
    @param cols [sql_gen.Col,...] The columns in the primary key.
1167
        Defaults to the first column in the table.
1168
    @pre The table must not already have a primary key.
1169
    '''
1170
    table = sql_gen.as_Table(table)
1171
    if cols == None: cols = [pkey(db, table, recover)]
1172
    col_strs = [sql_gen.to_name_only_col(v).to_str(db) for v in cols]
1173
1174
    run_query(db, 'ALTER TABLE '+table.to_str(db)+' ADD PRIMARY KEY ('
1175
        +(', '.join(col_strs))+')', recover=True, cacheable=True, log_level=3,
1176
        log_ignore_excs=(DuplicateException,))
1177
1178 2998 aaronmk
def add_index(db, exprs, table=None, unique=False, ensure_not_null_=True):
1179 2688 aaronmk
    '''Adds an index on column(s) or expression(s) if it doesn't already exist.
1180 3356 aaronmk
    Currently, only function calls and literal values are supported expressions.
1181 2998 aaronmk
    @param ensure_not_null_ If set, translates NULL values to sentinel values.
1182 2847 aaronmk
        This allows indexes to be used for comparisons where NULLs are equal.
1183 2538 aaronmk
    '''
1184 2964 aaronmk
    exprs = lists.mk_seq(exprs)
1185 2538 aaronmk
1186 2688 aaronmk
    # Parse exprs
1187
    old_exprs = exprs[:]
1188
    exprs = []
1189
    cols = []
1190
    for i, expr in enumerate(old_exprs):
1191 2823 aaronmk
        expr = sql_gen.as_Col(expr, table)
1192 2688 aaronmk
1193 2823 aaronmk
        # Handle nullable columns
1194 2998 aaronmk
        if ensure_not_null_:
1195 3164 aaronmk
            try: expr = sql_gen.ensure_not_null(db, expr)
1196 2860 aaronmk
            except KeyError: pass # unknown type, so just create plain index
1197 2823 aaronmk
1198 2688 aaronmk
        # Extract col
1199 3002 aaronmk
        expr = copy.deepcopy(expr) # don't modify input!
1200 3356 aaronmk
        col = expr
1201
        if isinstance(expr, sql_gen.FunctionCall): col = expr.args[0]
1202
        expr = sql_gen.cast_literal(expr)
1203
        if not isinstance(expr, (sql_gen.Expr, sql_gen.Col)):
1204 2688 aaronmk
            expr = sql_gen.Expr(expr)
1205 3356 aaronmk
1206 2688 aaronmk
1207
        # Extract table
1208
        if table == None:
1209
            assert sql_gen.is_table_col(col)
1210
            table = col.table
1211
1212 3356 aaronmk
        if isinstance(col, sql_gen.Col): col.table = None
1213 2688 aaronmk
1214
        exprs.append(expr)
1215
        cols.append(col)
1216 2408 aaronmk
1217 2688 aaronmk
    table = sql_gen.as_Table(table)
1218
1219 3005 aaronmk
    # Add index
1220 3148 aaronmk
    str_ = 'CREATE'
1221
    if unique: str_ += ' UNIQUE'
1222
    str_ += ' INDEX ON '+table.to_str(db)+' ('+(
1223
        ', '.join((v.to_str(db) for v in exprs)))+')'
1224
    run_query(db, str_, recover=True, cacheable=True, log_level=3)
1225 2408 aaronmk
1226 3083 aaronmk
already_indexed = object() # tells add_indexes() the pkey has already been added
1227
1228
def add_indexes(db, table, has_pkey=True):
1229
    '''Adds an index on all columns in a table.
1230
    @param has_pkey bool|already_indexed Whether a pkey instead of a regular
1231
        index should be added on the first column.
1232
        * If already_indexed, the pkey is assumed to have already been added
1233
    '''
1234
    cols = table_cols(db, table)
1235
    if has_pkey:
1236
        if has_pkey is not already_indexed: add_pkey(db, table)
1237
        cols = cols[1:]
1238
    for col in cols: add_index(db, col, table)
1239
1240 3079 aaronmk
#### Tables
1241 2772 aaronmk
1242 3079 aaronmk
### Maintenance
1243 2772 aaronmk
1244 3079 aaronmk
def analyze(db, table):
1245
    table = sql_gen.as_Table(table)
1246
    run_query(db, 'ANALYZE '+table.to_str(db), log_level=3)
1247 2934 aaronmk
1248 3079 aaronmk
def autoanalyze(db, table):
1249
    if db.autoanalyze: analyze(db, table)
1250 2935 aaronmk
1251 3079 aaronmk
def vacuum(db, table):
1252
    table = sql_gen.as_Table(table)
1253
    db.with_autocommit(lambda: run_query(db, 'VACUUM ANALYZE '+table.to_str(db),
1254
        log_level=3))
1255 2086 aaronmk
1256 3079 aaronmk
### Lifecycle
1257
1258 3247 aaronmk
def drop(db, type_, name):
1259
    name = sql_gen.as_Name(name)
1260
    run_query(db, 'DROP '+type_+' IF EXISTS '+name.to_str(db)+' CASCADE')
1261 2889 aaronmk
1262 3247 aaronmk
def drop_table(db, table): drop(db, 'TABLE', table)
1263
1264 3082 aaronmk
def create_table(db, table, cols=[], has_pkey=True, col_indexes=True,
1265
    like=None):
1266 2675 aaronmk
    '''Creates a table.
1267 2681 aaronmk
    @param cols [sql_gen.TypedCol,...] The column names and types
1268
    @param has_pkey If set, the first column becomes the primary key.
1269 2760 aaronmk
    @param col_indexes bool|[ref]
1270
        * If True, indexes will be added on all non-pkey columns.
1271
        * If a list reference, [0] will be set to a function to do this.
1272
          This can be used to delay index creation until the table is populated.
1273 2675 aaronmk
    '''
1274
    table = sql_gen.as_Table(table)
1275
1276 3082 aaronmk
    if like != None:
1277
        cols = [sql_gen.CustomCode('LIKE '+like.to_str(db)+' INCLUDING ALL')
1278
            ]+cols
1279 2681 aaronmk
    if has_pkey:
1280
        cols[0] = pkey = copy.copy(cols[0]) # don't modify input!
1281 2872 aaronmk
        pkey.constraints = 'PRIMARY KEY'
1282 2681 aaronmk
1283 3085 aaronmk
    temp = table.is_temp and not db.debug_temp
1284
        # temp tables permanent in debug_temp mode
1285 2760 aaronmk
1286 3085 aaronmk
    # Create table
1287 3383 aaronmk
    def create():
1288 3085 aaronmk
        str_ = 'CREATE'
1289
        if temp: str_ += ' TEMP'
1290
        str_ += ' TABLE '+table.to_str(db)+' (\n'
1291
        str_ += '\n, '.join(c.to_str(db) for c in cols)
1292 3126 aaronmk
        str_ += '\n);'
1293 3085 aaronmk
1294 3383 aaronmk
        run_query(db, str_, recover=True, cacheable=True, log_level=2,
1295
            log_ignore_excs=(DuplicateException,))
1296
    if table.is_temp:
1297
        while True:
1298
            try:
1299
                create()
1300
                break
1301
            except DuplicateException:
1302
                table.name = next_version(table.name)
1303
                # try again with next version of name
1304
    else: create()
1305 3085 aaronmk
1306 2760 aaronmk
    # Add indexes
1307 2773 aaronmk
    if has_pkey: has_pkey = already_indexed
1308
    def add_indexes_(): add_indexes(db, table, has_pkey)
1309
    if isinstance(col_indexes, list): col_indexes[0] = add_indexes_ # defer
1310
    elif col_indexes: add_indexes_() # add now
1311 2675 aaronmk
1312 3084 aaronmk
def copy_table_struct(db, src, dest):
1313
    '''Creates a structure-only copy of a table. (Does not copy data.)'''
1314 3085 aaronmk
    create_table(db, dest, has_pkey=False, col_indexes=False, like=src)
1315 3084 aaronmk
1316 3079 aaronmk
### Data
1317 2684 aaronmk
1318 2970 aaronmk
def truncate(db, table, schema='public', **kw_args):
1319
    '''For params, see run_query()'''
1320 2777 aaronmk
    table = sql_gen.as_Table(table, schema)
1321 2970 aaronmk
    return run_query(db, 'TRUNCATE '+table.to_str(db)+' CASCADE', **kw_args)
1322 2732 aaronmk
1323 2965 aaronmk
def empty_temp(db, tables):
1324
    tables = lists.mk_seq(tables)
1325 2971 aaronmk
    for table in tables: truncate(db, table, log_level=3)
1326 2965 aaronmk
1327 1968 aaronmk
def empty_db(db, schema='public', **kw_args):
1328
    '''For kw_args, see tables()'''
1329
    for table in tables(db, schema, **kw_args): truncate(db, table, schema)
1330 3094 aaronmk
1331
def distinct_table(db, table, distinct_on):
1332
    '''Creates a copy of a temp table which is distinct on the given columns.
1333 3099 aaronmk
    The old and new tables will both get an index on these columns, to
1334
    facilitate merge joins.
1335 3097 aaronmk
    @param distinct_on If empty, creates a table with one row. This is useful if
1336
        your distinct_on columns are all literal values.
1337 3099 aaronmk
    @return The new table.
1338 3094 aaronmk
    '''
1339 3099 aaronmk
    new_table = sql_gen.suffixed_table(table, '_distinct')
1340 3411 aaronmk
    distinct_on = filter(sql_gen.is_table_col, distinct_on)
1341 3094 aaronmk
1342 3099 aaronmk
    copy_table_struct(db, table, new_table)
1343 3097 aaronmk
1344
    limit = None
1345
    if distinct_on == []: limit = 1 # one sample row
1346 3099 aaronmk
    else:
1347
        add_index(db, distinct_on, new_table, unique=True)
1348
        add_index(db, distinct_on, table) # for join optimization
1349 3097 aaronmk
1350 3313 aaronmk
    insert_select(db, new_table, None, mk_select(db, table, order_by=None,
1351
        limit=limit), ignore=True)
1352 3099 aaronmk
    analyze(db, new_table)
1353 3094 aaronmk
1354 3099 aaronmk
    return new_table