Installation:

	Check out svn:

		svn co https://code.nceas.ucsb.edu/code/projects/bien/trunk bien

	cd bien/

	Install: make install

		**WARNING**: This will delete the public schema of your VegBIEN DB!

	Uninstall: make uninstall

		**WARNING**: This will delete your entire VegBIEN DB!

		This includes all archived imports and staging tables.

Connecting to vegbiendev:

	ssh -t vegbiendev.nceas.ucsb.edu exec sudo -u aaronmk -i

	cd /home/bien # should happen automatically at login

Notes on system stability:

	**WARNING**: when shutting down the VM, always first stop Postgres:

		sudo service postgresql stop

		this prevents the OS from SIGKILLing Postgres, which sometimes causes

		database corruption 

	**WARNING**: system upgrades can break key parts of the full-database

		import, causing errors such as disk space overruns. for this reason, it

		is recommended to maintain a snapshot copy of the VM as it was at the

		last successful import, for fallback use if a system upgrade breaks

		anything. system upgrades on the snapshot VM should be disabled

		completely, and because this will also disable security fixes, the

		snapshot VM should be disconnected from the internet and all networking

		interfaces. (this is an unfortunate consequence of modern OSes being

		written in non-memory-safe languages such as C and C++.)

Notes on running programs:

	**WARNING**: always start with a clean shell, to avoid spurious bugs. the

		shell should not have changes to the env vars. (there have been bugs

		that went away after closing and reopening the terminal window.) note

		that running `exec bash` is not sufficient to *reset* the env vars.

Notes on editing files:

	**WARNING**: shell scripts should always be read-only, so that editing them

		while an import is in progress will not crash the import (see

		http://vegpath.org/links/#**%20modifying%20a%20running%20shell%20script)

Single datasource import:

	ssh -t vegbiendev.nceas.ucsb.edu exec sudo -u aaronmk -i

	(Re)import and scrub: make inputs/<datasrc>/reimport_scrub by_col=1 &

	(Re)import only: make inputs/<datasrc>/reimport by_col=1 &

	Note that these commands also work if the datasource is not yet imported

	Remake analytical DB: see Full database import > To remake analytical DB

Full database import:

	**WARNING**: You must perform *every single* step listed below, to avoid

		breaking column-based import

	**WARNING**: always start with a clean shell, as described above under

		"Notes on running programs"

	**IMPORTANT**: the beginning of the import should be scheduled at a time

		when the DB will not be needed for other uses. this is necessary because

		vegbiendev will be slow for the first few hours of the import, due to

		the import using all the available cores.

	do steps under Maintenance > "to synchronize vegbiendev, jupiter, and

		your local machine"

	On local machine:

		make inputs/upload

		make inputs/upload live=1

		make test by_col=1 # runtime: 1 h ("53m7.383s") @starscream

			if you encounter errors, they are most likely related to the

				PostgreSQL error parsing in /lib/sql.py parse_exception()

			See note under Testing below

	ssh -t vegbiendev.nceas.ucsb.edu exec sudo -u aaronmk -i

	Ensure there are no local modifications: svn st

	up

	make inputs/download

	make inputs/download live=1

	For each newly-uploaded datasource above: make inputs/<datasrc>/reinstall

	Update the auxiliary schemas: make schemas/reinstall

		**WARNING**: requires sudo access!

		The public schema will be installed separately by the import process

	Delete imports before the last so they won't bloat the full DB backup:

		make backups/vegbien.<version>.backup/remove

		To keep a previous import other than the public schema:

			export dump_opts='--exclude-schema=public --exclude-schema=<version>'

			# env var will be inherited by `screen` shell

	restart Postgres to free up any disk space used by temp tables from the last

		import (this is apparently not automatically reclaimed):

		make postgres_restart

	Make sure there is at least 1 TB of disk space on /: df -h

		although the import schema itself is only 315 GB, Postgres uses

			significant temporary space at the beginning of the import.

			the total disk usage oscillates between 1.2 TB and the entire disk

			for the first day (for import started @12:55:09, high-water marks of

			1.7 TB @14:00:25, 1.8 TB @15:38:32; then next day w/ 2 datasources

			running: entire disk for 4 min @05:35:44, 1.8 TB @11:15:05).

		To free up space, remove backups that have been archived on jupiter:

			List backups/ to view older backups

			Check their MD5 sums using the steps under On jupiter below

			Remove these backups

	for full import:

		screen

		Press ENTER

	$0 # nested shell to prevent errexit from closing the window

	the following must happen within screen to avoid affecting the outer shell:

	unset TMOUT # TMOUT causes shell to exit even with background processes

	set -o ignoreeof # prevent Ctrl+D from exiting shell to keep attached jobs

	on local machine:

		unset n # clear any limit set in .profile (unless desired)

		unset log # allow logging output to go to log files

	unset version # clear any version from last import, etc.

	if no commits have been made since the last import (eg. if retrying an

		import), set a custom version that differs from the auto-assigned one

		(would otherwise cause a collision with the last import):

		svn info

		extract the svn revision after "Revision:"

		export version=r[revision]_2 # +suffix to distinguish from last import

			# env var will be inherited by `screen` shell

	to import just a subset of the datasources:

		declare -ax inputs; inputs=(inputs/{src,...}/) # no () in declare on Mac

			# array vars *not* inherited by `screen` shell

		export version=custom_import_name

	Start column-based import: . bin/import_all

		To use row-based import: . bin/import_all by_col=

		To stop all running imports: . bin/stop_imports

		**WARNING**: Do NOT run import_all in the background, or the jobs it

			creates won't be owned by your shell.

		Note that import_all will take up to an hour to import the NCBI backbone

			and other metadata before returning control to the shell.

		To view progress:

			tail inputs/{.,}??*/*/logs/$version.log.sql

	note: at the beginning of the import, the system may send out CPU load

		warning e-mails. these can safely be ignored. (they happen because the

		parallel imports use all the available cores.)

	for test import, turn off DB backup (also turns off analytical DB creation):

		kill % # cancel after_import()

	Wait (4 days) for the import to finish

	**WARNING**: do *not* run backups/pg_snapshot while the import is running,

		due to continuously-changing files

	**WARNING**: do *not* run backups/pg_snapshot until the previous import has

		been replaced, to avoid running into disk space limits

	To recover from a closed terminal window: screen -r

	To restart an aborted import for a specific table:

		export version=<version>

		(set -o errexit; make inputs/<datasrc>/<table>/import_scrub by_col=1 continue=1; make inputs/<datasrc>/publish) &

		bin/after_import $! & # $! can also be obtained from `jobs -l`

	Get $version: echo $version

	Set $version in all vegbiendev terminals: export version=<version>

	When there are no more running jobs, exit `screen`: exit # not Ctrl+D

	upload logs: make inputs/upload live=1

	On local machine: make inputs/download-logs live=1

	check for disk space errors:

		grep --files-with-matches -F 'No space left on device' inputs/{.,}??*/*/logs/$version.log.sql

		if there are any matches:

			manually reimport these datasources using the steps under

				Single datasource import

			bin/after_import &

			wait for the import to finish

	tail inputs/{.,}??*/*/logs/$version.log.sql

	In the output, search for "Command exited with non-zero status"

	For inputs that have this, fix the associated bug(s)

	If many inputs have errors, discard the current (partial) import:

		make schemas/$version/uninstall

	Otherwise, continue

	In PostgreSQL:

		Go to wiki.vegpath.org/VegBIEN_contents

		Get the # observations

		Get the # datasources

		Get the # datasources with observations

		in the r# schema:

		Check that analytical_stem contains [# observations] rows

		Check that source contains [# datasources] rows up through XAL. If this

			is not the case, manually check the entries in source against the

			datasources list on the wiki page (some datasources may be near the

			end depending on import order).

		Check that provider_count contains [# datasources with observations]

			rows with dataset="(total)" (at the top when the table is unsorted)

	Check that TNRS ran successfully:

		tail -100 inputs/.TNRS/tnrs/logs/tnrs.make.log.sql

		If the log ends in an AssertionError

			"assert sql.table_col_names(db, table) == header":

			Figure out which TNRS CSV columns have changed

			On local machine:

				Make the changes in the DB's TNRS and public schemas

				rm=1 inputs/.TNRS/schema.sql.run export_

				make schemas/remake

				inputs/test_taxonomic_names/test_scrub # re-run TNRS

				rm=1 inputs/.TNRS/data.sql.run export_

				Commit

			ssh -t vegbiendev.nceas.ucsb.edu exec sudo -u aaronmk -i

				If dropping a column, save the dependent views

				Make the same changes in the live TNRS.tnrs table on vegbiendev

				If dropping a column, recreate the dependent views

				Restart the TNRS client: make scrub by_col=1 &

	Publish the new import:

		**WARNING**: Before proceeding, be sure you have done *every single*

			verification step listed above. Otherwise, a previous valid import

			could incorrectly be overwritten with a broken one.

		make schemas/$version/publish # runtime: 1 min ("real 1m10.451s")

	unset version

	make backups/upload live=1

	on local machine:

		make backups/vegbien.$version.backup/download live=1

			# download backup to local machine

	ssh aaronmk@jupiter.nceas.ucsb.edu

		cd /data/dev/aaronmk/bien/backups

		For each newly-archived backup:

			make -s <backup>.md5/test

			Check that "OK" is printed next to the filename

	If desired, record the import times in inputs/import.stats.xls:

		On local machine:

		Open inputs/import.stats.xls

		If the rightmost import is within 5 columns of column IV:

			Copy the current tab to <leftmost-date>~<rightmost-date>

			Remove the previous imports from the current tab because they are

				now in the copied tab instead

		Insert a copy of the leftmost "By column" column group before it

		export version=<version>

		bin/import_date inputs/{.,}??*/*/logs/$version.log.sql

		Update the import date in the upper-right corner

		bin/import_times inputs/{.,}??*/*/logs/$version.log.sql

		Paste the output over the # Rows/Time columns, making sure that the

			row counts match up with the previous import's row counts

		If the row counts do not match up, insert or reorder rows as needed

			until they do. Get the datasource names from the log file footers:

			tail inputs/{.,}??*/*/logs/$version.log.sql

		Commit: svn ci -m 'inputs/import.stats.xls: updated import times'

	Running individual steps separately:

	To run TNRS:

		To use an import other than public: export version=<version>

		to rescrub all names:

			make inputs/.TNRS/reinstall

			re-create public-schema views that were cascadingly deleted

		make scrub &

		To view progress:

			tail -100 inputs/.TNRS/tnrs/logs/tnrs.make.log.sql

	To re-run geoscrubbing:

		$ screen

		# press Enter

		# to use an import other than public: $ export version=<version>

		$ bin/psql_verbose_vegbien <<<'SELECT geoscrub_input_view_modify();' &

			# runtime: 8 min ("7:40.54") @r14089 @vegbiendev

		# wait until done

		$ rm=1 exports/geoscrub_input.csv.run

			# runtime: 25 s ("0m24.936s") @r14089 @vegbiendev

		$ rm=1 inputs/.geoscrub/geoscrub_output/geoscrub.csv.run &

			# runtime: 2.5 h

		# wait until done

		$ rm=1 inputs/.geoscrub/run &

			# runtime: 15 min ("16m34.052s") @r14089 @vegbiendev

		# wait until done

		# re-create public-schema views that were cascadingly deleted

		# press Ctrl+D

		# remake the analytical DB (below)

	To remake analytical DB:

		To use an import other than public: export version=<version>

		bin/make_analytical_db & # runtime: 13 h ("12:43:57elapsed")

		To view progress:

			tail -150 inputs/analytical_db/logs/make_analytical_db.log.sql

	To back up DB (staging tables and last import):

		To use an import *other than public*: export version=<version>

		make backups/TNRS.backup-remake &

		dump_opts=--exclude-schema=public make backups/vegbien.$version.backup/test &

			If after renaming to public, instead set dump_opts='' and replace

			$version with the appropriate revision

		make backups/upload live=1

Datasource setup:

	On local machine:

	Example steps for a datasource: wiki.vegpath.org/Import_process_for_Madidi

	umask ug=rwx,o= # prevent files from becoming web-accessible

	Add a new datasource: make inputs/<datasrc>/add

		<datasrc> may not contain spaces, and should be abbreviated.

		If the datasource is a herbarium, <datasrc> should be the herbarium code

			as defined by the Index Herbariorum <http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/>

	For a new-style datasource (one containing a ./run runscript):

		"cp" -f inputs/.NCBI/{Makefile,run,table.run} inputs/<datasrc>/

	For MySQL inputs (exports and live DB connections):

		For .sql exports:

			Place the original .sql file in _src/ (*not* in _MySQL/)

			Follow the steps starting with Install the staging tables below.

				This is for an initial sync to get the file onto vegbiendev.

			ssh -t vegbiendev.nceas.ucsb.edu exec sudo -u aaronmk -i

				Create a database for the MySQL export in phpMyAdmin

				Give the bien user all database-specific privileges *except*

					UPDATE, DELETE, ALTER, DROP. This prevents bugs in the

					import scripts from accidentally deleting data.

				bin/mysql_bien database <inputs/<datasrc>/_src/export.sql &

		mkdir inputs/<datasrc>/_MySQL/

		cp -p lib/MySQL.{data,schema}.sql.make inputs/<datasrc>/_MySQL/

		Edit _MySQL/*.make for the DB connection

			For a .sql export, use server=vegbiendev and --user=bien

		Skip the Add input data for each table section

	For MS Access databases:

		Place the .mdb or .accdb file in _src/

		Download and install Access To PostgreSQL from

			http://www.bullzip.com/download.php

		Use Access To PostgreSQL to export the database:

			Export just the tables/indexes to inputs/<datasrc>/<file>.schema.sql

			Export just the data to inputs/<datasrc>/<file>.data.sql

		In <file>.schema.sql, make the following changes:

			Replace text "BOOLEAN" with "/*BOOLEAN*/INTEGER"

			Replace text "DOUBLE PRECISION NULL" with "DOUBLE PRECISION"

		Skip the Add input data for each table section

	Add input data for each table present in the datasource:

		For .sql exports, you must use the name of the table in the DB export

		For CSV files, you can use any name. It's recommended to use a table

			name from <https://projects.nceas.ucsb.edu/nceas/projects/bien/wiki/VegCSV#Suggested-table-names>

		Note that if this table will be joined together with another table, its

			name must end in ".src"

		make inputs/<datasrc>/<table>/add

			Important: DO NOT just create an empty directory named <table>!

				This command also creates necessary subdirs, such as logs/.

		If the table is in a .sql export: make inputs/<datasrc>/<table>/install

			Otherwise, place the CSV(s) for the table in

			inputs/<datasrc>/<table>/ OR place a query joining other tables

			together in inputs/<datasrc>/<table>/create.sql

		Important: When exporting relational databases to CSVs, you MUST ensure

			that embedded quotes are escaped by doubling them, *not* by

			preceding them with a "\" as is the default in phpMyAdmin

		If there are multiple part files for a table, and the header is repeated

			in each part, make sure each header is EXACTLY the same.

			(If the headers are not the same, the CSV concatenation script

			assumes the part files don't have individual headers and treats the

			subsequent headers as data rows.)

		Add <table> to inputs/<datasrc>/import_order.txt before other tables

			that depend on it

		For a new-style datasource:

			"cp" -f inputs/.NCBI/nodes/run inputs/<datasrc>/<table>/

			inputs/<datasrc>/<table>/run

	Install the staging tables:

		make inputs/<datasrc>/reinstall quiet=1 &

		For a MySQL .sql export:

			At prompt "[you]@vegbiendev's password:", enter your password

			At prompt "Enter password:", enter the value in config/bien_password

		To view progress: tail -f inputs/<datasrc>/<table>/logs/install.log.sql

		View the logs: tail -n +1 inputs/<datasrc>/*/logs/install.log.sql

			tail provides a header line with the filename

			+1 starts at the first line, to show the whole file

		For every file with an error 'column "..." specified more than once':

			Add a header override file "+header.<ext>" in <table>/:

				Note: The leading "+" should sort it before the flat files.

					"_" unfortunately sorts *after* capital letters in ASCII.

				Create a text file containing the header line of the flat files

				Add an ! at the beginning of the line

					This signals cat_csv that this is a header override.

				For empty names, use their 0-based column # (by convention)

				For duplicate names, add a distinguishing suffix

				For long names that collided, rename them to <= 63 chars long

				Do NOT make readability changes in this step; that is what the

					map spreadsheets (below) are for.

				Save

		If you made any changes, re-run the install command above

	Auto-create the map spreadsheets: make inputs/<datasrc>/

	Map each table's columns:

		In each <table>/ subdir, for each "via map" map.csv:

			Open the map in a spreadsheet editor

			Open the "core map" /mappings/Veg+-VegBIEN.csv

			In each row of the via map, set the right column to a value from the

				left column of the core map

			Save

		Regenerate the derived maps: make inputs/<datasrc>/

	Accept the test cases:

		For a new-style datasource:

			inputs/<datasrc>/run

			svn di inputs/<datasrc>/*/test.xml.ref

			If you get errors, follow the steps for old-style datasources below

		For an old-style datasource:

			make inputs/<datasrc>/test

			When prompted to "Accept new test output", enter y and press ENTER

			If you instead get errors, do one of the following for each one:

			-	If the error was due to a bug, fix it

			-	Add a SQL function that filters or transforms the invalid data

			-	Make an empty mapping for the columns that produced the error.

				Put something in the Comments column of the map spreadsheet to

				prevent the automatic mapper from auto-removing the mapping.

			When accepting tests, it's helpful to use WinMerge

				(see WinMerge setup below for configuration)

		make inputs/<datasrc>/test by_col=1

			If you get errors this time, this always indicates a bug, usually in

				the VegBIEN unique constraints or column-based import itself

	Add newly-created files: make inputs/<datasrc>/add

	Commit: svn ci -m "Added inputs/<datasrc>/" inputs/<datasrc>/

	Update vegbiendev:

		ssh aaronmk@jupiter.nceas.ucsb.edu

			up

		On local machine:

			./fix_perms

			make inputs/upload

			make inputs/upload live=1

		ssh -t vegbiendev.nceas.ucsb.edu exec sudo -u aaronmk -i

			up

			make inputs/download

			make inputs/download live=1

			Follow the steps under Install the staging tables above

Maintenance:

	on a live machine, you should put the following in your .profile:

--

# make svn files web-accessible. this does not affect unversioned files, because

# these get the right permissions on the local machine instead.

umask ug=rwx,o=rx

unset TMOUT # TMOUT causes screen to exit even with background processes

--

	if http://vegbiendev.nceas.ucsb.edu/phppgadmin/ goes down:

		ssh -t vegbiendev.nceas.ucsb.edu exec sudo -u aaronmk -i

			make phppgadmin-Linux

	regularly, re-run full-database import so that bugs in it don't pile up.

		it needs to be kept in working order so that it works when it's needed.

	to back up the vegbiendev databases:

		ssh -t vegbiendev.nceas.ucsb.edu exec sudo -u aaronmk -i

		back up MySQL: # usually few changes, so do this first

			backups/mysql_snapshot

			l=1        overwrite=1 inplace=1 local_dir=/ remote_url="$USER@jupiter:/data/dev/aaronmk/Documents/BIEN/" subpath=/var/lib/mysql.bak/ sudo -E env PATH="$PATH" bin/sync_upload

			on local machine:

			l=1 swap=1 overwrite=1 inplace=1 local_dir=~ sync_remote_subdir=                          subpath=~/Documents/BIEN/var/lib/mysql.bak/                          bin/sync_upload

		back up Postgres:

			backups/pg_snapshot

	to synchronize vegbiendev, jupiter, and your local machine:

		**WARNING**: pay careful attention to all files that will be deleted or

			overwritten!

		install put if needed:

			download https://uutils.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/bin/put to ~/bin/ and `chmod +x` it

		when changes are made on vegbiendev:

			avoid extraneous diffs when rsyncing:

				on all machines:

				up

				./fix_perms

			ssh -t vegbiendev.nceas.ucsb.edu exec sudo -u aaronmk -i

				upload:

				overwrite=1 bin/sync_upload --size-only

					then review diff, and rerun with `l=1` prepended

			on your machine:

				download:

				overwrite=1 swap=1 src=. dest='aaronmk@jupiter.nceas.ucsb.edu:~/bien' put --exclude=.svn web/BIEN3/TWiki

					then review diff, and rerun with `l=1` prepended

				swap=1 bin/sync_upload backups/TNRS.backup

					then review diff, and rerun with `l=1` prepended

				overwrite=1 swap=1 bin/sync_upload --size-only

					then review diff, and rerun with `l=1` prepended

				overwrite=1 sync_remote_url=~/Dropbox/svn/ bin/sync_upload --existing --size-only # just update mtimes/perms

					then review diff, and rerun with `l=1` prepended

	to back up e-mails:

		on local machine:

		/Applications/gmvault-v1.8.1-beta/bin/gmvault sync --multiple-db-owner --type quick aaronmk.nceas@gmail.com

		/Applications/gmvault-v1.8.1-beta/bin/gmvault sync --multiple-db-owner --type quick aaronmk@nceas.ucsb.edu

		open Thunderbird

		click the All Mail folder for each account and wait for it to download the e-mails in it

	to back up the version history:

		# back up first on the local machine, because often only the svnsync

			command gets run, and that way it will get backed up immediately to

			Dropbox (and hourly to Time Machine), while vegbiendev only gets

			backed up daily to tape

		on local machine:

		svnsync sync file://"$HOME"/Dropbox/docs/BIEN/svn_repo/ # initial runtime: 1.5 h ("08:21:38" - "06:45:26") @vegbiendev

		(cd ~/Dropbox/docs/BIEN/git/; git svn fetch)

		# use absolute path for vegbiendev commands because the Ubuntu 14.04

			version of rsync doesn't expand ~ properly

		overwrite=1        src=~ dest='aaronmk@jupiter.nceas.ucsb.edu:/data/dev/aaronmk/' put Dropbox/docs/BIEN/svn_repo/ # runtime: 1 min ("1:05.08")

			then review diff, and rerun with `l=1` prepended

		overwrite=1        src=~ dest='aaronmk@jupiter.nceas.ucsb.edu:/data/dev/aaronmk/' put Dropbox/docs/BIEN/git/

			then review diff, and rerun with `l=1` prepended

	to back up vegbiendev:

		do steps under Maintenance > "to synchronize vegbiendev, jupiter, and

			your local machine"

		on local machine:

			l=1 overwrite=1 inplace=1 src=root@vegbiendev.nceas.ucsb.edu:/ dest=~/Documents/BIEN/vegbiendev/ sudo -E put --exclude=/var/lib/mysql.bak --exclude=/var/lib/postgresql.bak --exclude='/var/lib/postgresql/9.3/main/*/' --exclude=/home/aaronmk/bien

				# --exclude=/home/aaronmk/bien: synced separately

	to back up the local machine's settings:

		do step when changes are made on vegbiendev > on your machine, download

		ssh aaronmk@jupiter.nceas.ucsb.edu

			(cd ~/Dropbox/svn/; up)

		on your machine:

			sudo find / -name .DS_Store -print -delete

			rm ~/'Library/Thunderbird/Profiles/9oo8rcyn.default/ImapMail/imap.googlemail.com/[Gmail].sbd/Spam'

				# remove the downloaded Spam folder, because spam e-mails often contain viruses that would trigger clamscan

			overwrite=1           sync_local_dir=~/Dropbox/svn/ sync_remote_subdir=Dropbox/svn/ bin/sync_upload --size-only # just update mtimes

				then review diff, and rerun with `l=1` prepended

			overwrite=1 inplace=1 sync_local_dir=~              sync_remote_subdir=             bin/sync_upload ~/"VirtualBox VMs/**" # need inplace=1 because they are very large files

				then review diff, and rerun with `l=1` prepended

			overwrite=1           sync_local_dir=~              sync_remote_subdir=             bin/sync_upload --exclude="/Library/Saved Application State" --exclude="/Library/Thunderbird/Profiles/9oo8rcyn.default/global-messages-db.sqlite" --exclude="/.Trash" --exclude="/bin" --exclude="/bin/pg_ctl" --exclude="/bin/unzip" --exclude="/Dropbox/home" --exclude="/.profile" --exclude="/.shrc" --exclude="/.bashrc" --exclude="/software/**/.svn"

				then review diff, and rerun with `l=1` prepended

			stop Dropbox: system tray > Dropbox icon > gear icon > Quit Dropbox

				this prevents Dropbox from trying to capture filesystem

				events while syncing

			overwrite=1           sync_local_dir=~              sync_remote_url=~/Dropbox/home  bin/sync_upload --exclude="/Library/Saved Application State" --exclude="/Library/Thunderbird/Profiles/9oo8rcyn.default/global-messages-db.sqlite" --exclude="/.Trash" --exclude="/.dropbox" --exclude="/Documents/BIEN" --exclude="/Dropbox" --exclude="/software" --exclude="/VirtualBox VMs/**.sav" --exclude="/VirtualBox VMs/**.vdi" --exclude="/VirtualBox VMs/**.vmdk"

				then review diff, and rerun with `l=1` prepended

			start Dropbox: /Applications > double-click Dropbox.app

	to backup files not in Time Machine:

		On local machine:

		l=1 overwrite=1 src=/ dest=/Volumes/Time\ Machine\ Backups/ sudo -E put usr/local/var/postgres

		launchctl unload ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.postgresql.plist # stop the PostgreSQL server

		l=1 overwrite=1 src=/ dest=/Volumes/Time\ Machine\ Backups/ sudo -E put usr/local/var/postgres

		launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.postgresql.plist # start the PostgreSQL server

	to back up the local machine's hard drive:

		turn on and connect the 2 TB external hard drive

		l=1 overwrite=1 src=/ dest=/Volumes/Macintosh\ HD\ backup/ sudo -E put --exclude=/.fseventsd --exclude=/private/var/vm --exclude=/usr/local/var/postgres --exclude=/Users/aaronmk/.dropbox

			# no --extended-attributes: rsync has to visit every file for this

			# runtime: 10 min (~600); initial runtime: 4-13 h ("2422.84"+"12379.91" .. "45813.19"+"747.96")

		# repeat until only minimal changes

		l=1 overwrite=1 src=/ dest=/Volumes/Macintosh\ HD\ backup/ sudo -E put --exclude=/.fseventsd --exclude=/private/var/vm

		stop Dropbox: system tray > Dropbox icon > gear icon > Quit Dropbox

			otherwise, the backup of ~/.dropbox will be corrupted

		launchctl unload ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.postgresql.plist # stop the PostgreSQL server

		screen

		l=1 overwrite=1 src=/ dest=/Volumes/Macintosh\ HD\ backup/ sudo -E put --exclude=/.fseventsd --exclude=/private/var/vm

		launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.postgresql.plist # start the PostgreSQL server

		start Dropbox: /Applications > double-click Dropbox.app

	to restore from Time Machine:

		# restart holding Alt

		# select Time Machine Backups

		# restore the last Time Machine backup to Macintosh HD

		# restart holding Alt

		# select Macintosh HD

		$ screen

		$ l=1 swap=1 src=/ dest=/Volumes/Time\ Machine\ Backups/ sudo -E put usr/local/var/postgres # runtime: 1 h ("4020.61")

		$ make postgres_restart

	VegCore data dictionary:

		Regularly, or whenever the VegCore data dictionary page

			(https://projects.nceas.ucsb.edu/nceas/projects/bien/wiki/VegCore)

			is changed, regenerate mappings/VegCore.csv:

			On local machine:

			make mappings/VegCore.htm-remake; make mappings/

			apply new data dict mappings to datasource mappings/staging tables:

				inputs/run postprocess # runtime: see inputs/run

				time yes|make inputs/{NVS,SALVIAS,TEAM}/test # old-style import; runtime: 1 min ("0m59.692s") @starscream

			svn di mappings/VegCore.tables.redmine

			If there are changes, update the data dictionary's Tables section

			When moving terms, check that no terms were lost: svn di

			svn ci -m 'mappings/VegCore.htm: regenerated from wiki'

			ssh -t vegbiendev.nceas.ucsb.edu exec sudo -u aaronmk -i

				perform the steps under "apply new data dict mappings to

					datasource mappings/staging tables" above

	Important: Whenever you install a system update that affects PostgreSQL or

		any of its dependencies, such as libc, you should restart the PostgreSQL

		server. Otherwise, you may get strange errors like "the database system

		is in recovery mode" which go away upon reimport, or you may not be able

		to access the database as the postgres superuser. This applies to both

		Linux and Mac OS X.

Backups:

	Archived imports:

		ssh -t vegbiendev.nceas.ucsb.edu exec sudo -u aaronmk -i

		Back up: make backups/<version>.backup &

			Note: To back up the last import, you must archive it first:

				make schemas/rotate

		Test: make -s backups/<version>.backup/test &

		Restore: make backups/<version>.backup/restore &

		Remove: make backups/<version>.backup/remove

		Download: make backups/<version>.backup/download

	TNRS cache:

		ssh -t vegbiendev.nceas.ucsb.edu exec sudo -u aaronmk -i

		Back up: make backups/TNRS.backup-remake &

			runtime: 3 min ("real 2m48.859s")

		Restore:

			yes|make inputs/.TNRS/uninstall

			make backups/TNRS.backup/restore &

				runtime: 5.5 min ("real 5m35.829s")

			yes|make schemas/public/reinstall

				Must come after TNRS restore to recreate tnrs_input_name view

	Full DB:

		ssh -t vegbiendev.nceas.ucsb.edu exec sudo -u aaronmk -i

		Back up: make backups/vegbien.<version>.backup &

		Test: make -s backups/vegbien.<version>.backup/test &

		Restore: make backups/vegbien.<version>.backup/restore &

		Download: make backups/vegbien.<version>.backup/download

	Import logs:

		On local machine:

		Download: make inputs/download-logs live=1

Datasource refreshing:

	VegBank:

		ssh -t vegbiendev.nceas.ucsb.edu exec sudo -u aaronmk -i

		make inputs/VegBank/vegbank.sql-remake

		make inputs/VegBank/reinstall quiet=1 &

Schema changes:

	On local machine:

	When changing the analytical views, run sync_analytical_..._to_view()

		to update the corresponding table

	Remember to update the following files with any renamings:

		schemas/filter_ERD.csv

		mappings/VegCore-VegBIEN.csv

		mappings/verify.*.sql

	Regenerate schema from installed DB: make schemas/remake

	Reinstall DB from schema: make schemas/public/reinstall schemas/reinstall

		**WARNING**: This will delete the public schema of your VegBIEN DB!

	If needed, reinstall staging tables:

		On local machine:

			sudo -E -u postgres psql <<<'ALTER DATABASE vegbien RENAME TO vegbien_prev'

			make db

			. bin/reinstall_all

			Fix any bugs and retry until no errors

			make schemas/public/install

				This must be run *after* the datasources are installed, because

				views in public depend on some of the datasources

			sudo -E -u postgres psql <<<'DROP DATABASE vegbien_prev'

		ssh -t vegbiendev.nceas.ucsb.edu exec sudo -u aaronmk -i

			repeat the above steps

			**WARNING**: Do not run this until reinstall_all runs successfully

			on the local machine, or the live DB may be unrestorable!

	update mappings and staging table column names:

		on local machine:

			inputs/run postprocess # runtime: see inputs/run

			time yes|make inputs/{NVS,SALVIAS,TEAM}/test # old-style import; runtime: 1 min ("0m59.692s") @starscream

		ssh -t vegbiendev.nceas.ucsb.edu exec sudo -u aaronmk -i

			manually apply schema changes to the live public schema

			do steps under "on local machine" above

	Sync ERD with vegbien.sql schema:

		Run make schemas/vegbien.my.sql

		Open schemas/vegbien.ERD.mwb in MySQLWorkbench

		Go to File > Export > Synchronize With SQL CREATE Script...

		For Input File, select schemas/vegbien.my.sql

		Click Continue

		In the changes list, select each table with an arrow next to it

		Click Update Model

		Click Continue

		Note: The generated SQL script will be empty because we are syncing in

			the opposite direction

		Click Execute

		Reposition any lines that have been reset

		Add any new tables by dragging them from the Catalog in the left sidebar

			to the diagram

		Remove any deleted tables by right-clicking the table's diagram element,

			selecting Delete '<table name>', and clicking Delete

		Save

		If desired, update the graphical ERD exports (see below)

	Update graphical ERD exports:

		Go to File > Export > Export as PNG...

		Select schemas/vegbien.ERD.png and click Save

		Go to File > Export > Export as SVG...

		Select schemas/vegbien.ERD.svg and click Save

		Go to File > Export > Export as Single Page PDF...

		Select schemas/vegbien.ERD.1_pg.pdf and click Save

		Go to File > Print...

		In the lower left corner, click PDF > Save as PDF...

		Set the Title and Author to ""

		Select schemas/vegbien.ERD.pdf and click Save

		Commit: svn ci -m "schemas/vegbien.ERD.mwb: Regenerated exports"

	Refactoring tips:

		To rename a table:

			In vegbien.sql, do the following:

				Replace regexp (?<=_|\b)<old>(?=_|\b) with <new>

					This is necessary because the table name is *everywhere*

				Search for <new>

				Manually change back any replacements inside comments

		To rename a column:

			Rename the column: ALTER TABLE <table> RENAME <old> TO <new>;

			Recreate any foreign key for the column, removing CONSTRAINT <name>

				This resets the foreign key name using the new column name

	Creating a poster of the ERD:

		Determine the poster size:

			Measure the line height (from the bottom of one line to the bottom

				of another): 16.3cm/24 lines = 0.679cm

			Measure the height of the ERD: 35.4cm*2 = 70.8cm

			Zoom in as far as possible

			Measure the height of a capital letter: 3.5mm

			Measure the line height: 8.5mm

			Calculate the text's fraction of the line height: 3.5mm/8.5mm = 0.41

			Calculate the text height: 0.679cm*0.41 = 0.28cm

			Calculate the text height's fraction of the ERD height:

				0.28cm/70.8cm = 0.0040

			Measure the text height on the *VegBank* ERD poster: 5.5mm = 0.55cm

			Calculate the VegBIEN poster height to make the text the same size:

				0.55cm/0.0040 = 137.5cm H; *1in/2.54cm = 54.1in H

			The ERD aspect ratio is 11 in W x (2*8.5in H) = 11x17 portrait

			Calculate the VegBIEN poster width: 54.1in H*11W/17H = 35.0in W

			The minimum VegBIEN poster size is 35x54in portrait

		Determine the cost:

			The FedEx Kinkos near NCEAS (1030 State St, Santa Barbara, CA 93101)

				charges the following for posters:

				base: $7.25/sq ft

				lamination: $3/sq ft

				mounting on a board: $8/sq ft

Testing:

	On a development machine, you should put the following in your .profile:

		umask ug=rwx,o= # prevent files from becoming web-accessible

		export log= n=2

	For development machine specs, see /planning/resources/dev_machine.specs/

	On local machine:

	Mapping process: make test

		Including column-based import: make test by_col=1

			If the row-based and column-based imports produce different inserted

			row counts, this usually means that a table is underconstrained

			(the unique indexes don't cover all possible rows).

			This can occur if you didn't use COALESCE(field, null_value) around

			a nullable field in a unique index. See sql_gen.null_sentinels for

			the appropriate null value to use.

	Map spreadsheet generation: make remake

	Missing mappings: make missing_mappings

	Everything (for most complete coverage): make test-all

Debugging:

	"Binary chop" debugging:

		(This is primarily useful for regressions that occurred in a previous

		revision, which was committed without running all the tests)

		up -r <rev>; make inputs/.TNRS/reinstall; make schemas/public/reinstall; make <failed-test>.xml

	.htaccess:

		mod_rewrite:

			**IMPORTANT**: whenever you change the DirectorySlash setting for a

				directory, you *must* clear your browser's cache to ensure that

				a cached redirect is not used. this is because RewriteRule

				redirects are (by default) temporary, but DirectorySlash

				redirects are permanent.

				for Firefox:

					press Cmd+Shift+Delete

					check only Cache

					press Enter or click Clear Now

WinMerge setup:

	In a Windows VM:

	Install WinMerge from <http://winmerge.org/>

	Open WinMerge

	Go to Edit > Options and click Compare in the left sidebar

	Enable "Moved block detection", as described at

		<http://manual.winmerge.org/Configuration.html#d0e5892>.

	Set Whitespace to Ignore change, as described at

		<http://manual.winmerge.org/Configuration.html#d0e5758>.

Documentation:

	To generate a Redmine-formatted list of steps for column-based import:

		On local machine:

		make schemas/public/reinstall

		make inputs/ACAD/Specimen/logs/steps.by_col.log.sql

	To import and scrub just the test taxonomic names:

		ssh -t vegbiendev.nceas.ucsb.edu exec sudo -u aaronmk -i

		inputs/test_taxonomic_names/test_scrub

General:

	To see a program's description, read its top-of-file comment

	To see a program's usage, run it without arguments

	To remake a directory: make <dir>/remake

	To remake a file: make <file>-remake