# SQL code generation

import copy

import operator

from ordereddict import OrderedDict

import re

import UserDict

import warnings

import dicts

import exc

import iters

import lists

import objects

import strings

import util

##### Names

identifier_max_len = 63 # works for both PostgreSQL and MySQL

def concat(str_, suffix):

    '''Preserves version so that it won't be truncated off the string, leading

    to collisions.'''

    # Preserve version

    match = re.match(r'^(.*?)((?:(?:#\d+)?\)?)*(?:\.\w+)?(?:::[\w ]+)*)$', str_)

    if match:

        str_, old_suffix = match.groups()

        suffix = old_suffix+suffix

    return strings.concat(str_, suffix, identifier_max_len)

def truncate(str_): return concat(str_, '')

def is_safe_name(name):

    '''A name is safe *and unambiguous* if it:

    * contains only *lowercase* word (\w) characters

    * doesn't start with a digit

    * contains "_", so that it's not a keyword

    '''

    return re.match(r'^(?=.*_)(?!\d)[^\WA-Z]+$', name)

def esc_name(name, quote='"'):

    return quote + name.replace(quote, quote+quote) + quote

        # doubling an embedded quote escapes it in both PostgreSQL and MySQL

def clean_name(name): return name.replace('"', '').replace('`', '')

def esc_comment(comment): return '/*'+comment.replace('*/', '* /')+'*/'

##### General SQL code objects

class MockDb:

    def esc_value(self, value): return strings.repr_no_u(value)

    def esc_name(self, name): return esc_name(name)

    def col_info(self, col):

        return TypedCol(col.name, '<type>', CustomCode('<default>'), True)

mockDb = MockDb()

class BasicObject(objects.BasicObject):

    def __init__(self, value): self.value = value

    def __str__(self): return clean_name(strings.repr_no_u(self))

##### Unparameterized code objects

class Code(BasicObject):

    def to_str(self, db): raise NotImplementedError()

    def __repr__(self): return self.to_str(mockDb)

class CustomCode(Code):

    def __init__(self, str_): self.str_ = str_

    def to_str(self, db): return self.str_

def as_Code(value, db=None):

    '''

    @param db If set, runs db.std_code() on the value.

    '''

    if util.is_str(value):

        if db != None: value = db.std_code(value)

        return CustomCode(value)

    else: return Literal(value)

class Expr(Code):

    def __init__(self, expr): self.expr = expr

    def to_str(self, db): return '('+self.expr.to_str(db)+')'

##### Names

class Name(Code):

    def __init__(self, name):

        name = truncate(name)

        self.name = name

    def to_str(self, db): return db.esc_name(self.name)

def as_Name(value):

    if isinstance(value, Code): return value

    else: return Name(value)

##### Literal values

class Literal(Code):

    def __init__(self, value): self.value = value

    def to_str(self, db): return db.esc_value(self.value)

def as_Value(value):

    if isinstance(value, Code): return value

    else: return Literal(value)

def is_null(value): return isinstance(value, Literal) and value.value == None

##### Derived elements

src_self = object() # tells Col that it is its own source column

class Derived(Code):

    def __init__(self, srcs):

        '''An element which was derived from some other element(s).

        @param srcs See self.set_srcs()

        '''

        self.set_srcs(srcs)

    def set_srcs(self, srcs, overwrite=True):

        '''

        @param srcs (self_type...)|src_self The element(s) this is derived from

        '''

        if not overwrite and self.srcs != (): return # already set

        if srcs == src_self: srcs = (self,)

        srcs = tuple(srcs) # make Col hashable

        self.srcs = srcs

    def _compare_on(self):

        compare_on = self.__dict__.copy()

        del compare_on['srcs'] # ignore

        return compare_on

def cols_srcs(cols): return lists.uniqify(iters.flatten((v.srcs for v in cols)))

##### Tables

class Table(Derived):

    def __init__(self, name, schema=None, srcs=(), is_temp=False):

        '''

        @param schema str|None (for no schema)

        @param srcs (Table...)|src_self See Derived.set_srcs()

        '''

        Derived.__init__(self, srcs)

        if util.is_str(name): name = truncate(name)

        self.name = name

        self.schema = schema

        self.is_temp = is_temp

        self.index_cols = {}

    def to_str(self, db):

        str_ = ''

        if self.schema != None: str_ += as_Name(self.schema).to_str(db)+'.'

        str_ += as_Name(self.name).to_str(db)

        return str_

    def to_Table(self): return self

    def _compare_on(self):

        compare_on = Derived._compare_on(self)

        del compare_on['index_cols'] # ignore

        return compare_on

def is_underlying_table(table):

    return isinstance(table, Table) and table.to_Table() is table

class NoUnderlyingTableException(Exception): pass

def underlying_table(table):

    table = remove_table_rename(table)

    if not is_underlying_table(table): raise NoUnderlyingTableException

    return table

def as_Table(table, schema=None):

    if table == None or isinstance(table, Code): return table

    else: return Table(table, schema)

def suffixed_table(table, suffix):

    table = copy.copy(table) # don't modify input!

    table.name = concat(table.name, suffix)

    return table

class NamedTable(Table):

    def __init__(self, name, code, cols=None):

        Table.__init__(self, name)

        code = as_Table(code)

        if not isinstance(code, (Table, FunctionCall, Expr)): code = Expr(code)

        if cols != None: cols = [to_name_only_col(c).to_Col() for c in cols]

        self.code = code

        self.cols = cols

    def to_str(self, db):

        str_ = self.code.to_str(db)

        if str_.find('\n') >= 0: whitespace = '\n'

        else: whitespace = ' '

        str_ += whitespace+'AS '+Table.to_str(self, db)

        if self.cols != None:

            str_ += ' ('+(', '.join((c.to_str(db) for c in self.cols)))+')'

        return str_

    def to_Table(self): return Table(self.name)

def remove_table_rename(table):

    if isinstance(table, NamedTable): table = table.code

    return table

##### Columns

class Col(Derived):

    def __init__(self, name, table=None, srcs=()):

        '''

        @param table Table|None (for no table)

        @param srcs (Col...)|src_self See Derived.set_srcs()

        '''

        Derived.__init__(self, srcs)

        if util.is_str(name): name = truncate(name)

        if util.is_str(table): table = Table(table)

        assert table == None or isinstance(table, Table)

        self.name = name

        self.table = table

    def to_str(self, db, for_str=False):

        str_ = as_Name(self.name).to_str(db)

        if for_str: str_ = clean_name(str_)

        if self.table != None:

            table = self.table.to_Table()

            if for_str: str_ = concat(str(table), '.'+str_)

            else: str_ = table.to_str(db)+'.'+str_

        return str_

    def __str__(self): return self.to_str(mockDb, for_str=True)

    def to_Col(self): return self

def is_table_col(col): return isinstance(col, Col) and col.table != None

def index_col(col):

    if not is_table_col(col): return None

    table = col.table

    try: name = table.index_cols[col.name]

    except KeyError: return None

    else: return Col(name, table, col.srcs)

def is_temp_col(col): return is_table_col(col) and col.table.is_temp

def as_Col(col, table=None, name=None):

    '''

    @param name If not None, any non-Col input will be renamed using NamedCol.

    '''

    if name != None:

        col = as_Value(col)

        if not isinstance(col, Col): col = NamedCol(name, col)

    if isinstance(col, Code): return col

    else: return Col(col, table)

def with_table(col, table):

    if isinstance(col, NamedCol): pass # doesn't take a table

    elif isinstance(col, FunctionCall):

        col = copy.deepcopy(col) # don't modify input!

        col.args[0].table = table

    else:

        col = copy.copy(col) # don't modify input!

        col.table = table

    return col

def with_default_table(col, table):

    col = as_Col(col)

    if col.table == None: col = with_table(col, table)

    return col

def set_cols_table(table, cols):

    table = as_Table(table)

    for i, col in enumerate(cols):

        col = cols[i] = as_Col(col)

        col.table = table

def to_name_only_col(col, check_table=None):

    col = as_Col(col)

    if not is_table_col(col): return col

    if check_table != None:

        table = col.table

        assert table == None or table == check_table

    return Col(col.name)

def suffixed_col(col, suffix):

    return Col(concat(col.name, suffix), col.table, col.srcs)

class NamedCol(Col):

    def __init__(self, name, code):

        Col.__init__(self, name)

        code = as_Value(code)

        self.code = code

    def to_str(self, db):

        return self.code.to_str(db)+' AS '+Col.to_str(self, db)

    def to_Col(self): return Col(self.name)

def remove_col_rename(col):

    if isinstance(col, NamedCol): col = col.code

    return col

def underlying_col(col):

    col = remove_col_rename(col)

    if not isinstance(col, Col): raise NoUnderlyingTableException

    return Col(col.name, underlying_table(col.table), col.srcs)

def wrap(wrap_func, value):

    '''Wraps a value, propagating any column renaming to the returned value.'''

    if isinstance(value, NamedCol):

        return NamedCol(value.name, wrap_func(value.code))

    else: return wrap_func(value)

class ColDict(dicts.DictProxy):

    '''A dict that automatically makes inserted entries Col objects'''

    def __init__(self, db, keys_table, dict_={}):

        dicts.DictProxy.__init__(self, OrderedDict())

        keys_table = as_Table(keys_table)

        self.db = db

        self.table = keys_table

        self.update(dict_) # after setting vars because __setitem__() needs them

    def copy(self): return ColDict(self.db, self.table, self.inner.copy())

    def __getitem__(self, key):

        return dicts.DictProxy.__getitem__(self, self._key(key))

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):

        key = self._key(key)

        if value == None: value = self.db.col_info(key).default

        dicts.DictProxy.__setitem__(self, key, as_Col(value, name=key.name))

    def _key(self, key): return as_Col(key, self.table)

##### Functions

Function = Table

as_Function = as_Table

class InternalFunction(CustomCode): pass

class NamedArg(NamedCol):

    def __init__(self, name, value):

        NamedCol.__init__(self, name, value)

    def to_str(self, db):

        return Col.to_str(self, db)+' := '+self.code.to_str(db)

class FunctionCall(Code):

    def __init__(self, function, *args, **kw_args):

        '''

        @param args [Code|literal-value...] The function's arguments

        '''

        function = as_Function(function)

        def filter_(arg): return remove_col_rename(as_Value(arg))

        args = map(filter_, args)

        args += [NamedArg(k, filter_(v)) for k, v in kw_args.iteritems()]

        self.function = function

        self.args = args

    def to_str(self, db):

        args_str = ', '.join((v.to_str(db) for v in self.args))

        return self.function.to_str(db)+'('+args_str+')'

def wrap_in_func(function, value):

    '''Wraps a value inside a function call.

    Propagates any column renaming to the returned value.

    '''

    return wrap(lambda v: FunctionCall(function, v), value)

def unwrap_func_call(func_call, check_name=None):

    '''Unwraps any function call to its first argument.

    Also removes any column renaming.

    '''

    func_call = remove_col_rename(func_call)

    if not isinstance(func_call, FunctionCall): return func_call

    if check_name != None:

        name = func_call.function.name

        assert name == None or name == check_name

    return func_call.args[0]

##### Casts

class Cast(FunctionCall):

    def __init__(self, type_, value):

        value = as_Value(value)

        self.type_ = type_

        self.value = value

    def to_str(self, db):

        return 'CAST('+self.value.to_str(db)+' AS '+self.type_+')'

##### Conditions

class ColValueCond(Code):

    def __init__(self, col, value):

        value = as_ValueCond(value)

        self.col = col

        self.value = value

    def to_str(self, db): return self.value.to_str(db, self.col)

def combine_conds(conds, keyword=None):

    '''

    @param keyword The keyword to add before the conditions, if any

    '''

    str_ = ''

    if keyword != None:

        if conds == []: whitespace = ''

        elif len(conds) == 1: whitespace = ' '

        else: whitespace = '\n'

        str_ += keyword+whitespace

    str_ += '\nAND '.join(conds)

    return str_

##### Condition column comparisons

class ValueCond(BasicObject):

    def __init__(self, value):

        value = remove_col_rename(as_Value(value))

        self.value = value

    def to_str(self, db, left_value):

        '''

        @param left_value The Code object that the condition is being applied on

        '''

        raise NotImplemented()

    def __repr__(self): return self.to_str(mockDb, '<left_value>')

class CompareCond(ValueCond):

    def __init__(self, value, operator='='):

        '''

        @param operator By default, compares NULL values literally. Use '~=' or

            '~!=' to pass NULLs through.

        '''

        ValueCond.__init__(self, value)

        self.operator = operator

    def to_str(self, db, left_value):

        left_value = remove_col_rename(as_Col(left_value))

        right_value = self.value

        # Parse operator

        operator = self.operator

        passthru_null_ref = [False]

        operator = strings.remove_prefix('~', operator, passthru_null_ref)

        neg_ref = [False]

        operator = strings.remove_prefix('!', operator, neg_ref)

        equals = operator.endswith('=') # also includes <=, >=

        # Handle nullable columns

        check_null = False

        if not passthru_null_ref[0]: # NULLs compare equal

            try: left_value = ensure_not_null(db, left_value)

            except ensure_not_null_excs: # fall back to alternate method

                check_null = equals and isinstance(right_value, Col)

            else:

                if isinstance(left_value, EnsureNotNull):

                    right_value = ensure_not_null(db, right_value,

                        left_value.type) # apply same function to both sides

        if equals and is_null(right_value): operator = 'IS'

        left = left_value.to_str(db)

        right = right_value.to_str(db)

        # Create str

        str_ = left+' '+operator+' '+right

        if check_null:

            str_ = '('+str_+' OR ('+left+' IS NULL AND '+right+' IS NULL))'

        if neg_ref[0]: str_ = 'NOT '+str_

        return str_

# Tells as_ValueCond() to assume a non-ValueCond is a literal value

assume_literal = object()

def as_ValueCond(value, default_table=assume_literal):

    if not isinstance(value, ValueCond):

        if default_table is not assume_literal:

            value = with_default_table(value, default_table)

        return CompareCond(value)

    else: return value

##### Joins

join_same = object() # tells Join the left and right columns have the same name

# Tells Join the left and right columns have the same name and are never NULL

join_same_not_null = object()

filter_out = object() # tells Join to filter out rows that match the join

class Join(BasicObject):

    def __init__(self, table, mapping={}, type_=None):

        '''

        @param mapping dict(right_table_col=left_table_col, ...)

            * if left_table_col is join_same: left_table_col = right_table_col

              * Note that right_table_col must be a string

            * if left_table_col is join_same_not_null:

              left_table_col = right_table_col and both have NOT NULL constraint

              * Note that right_table_col must be a string

        @param type_ None (for plain join)|str (e.g. 'LEFT')|filter_out

            * filter_out: equivalent to 'LEFT' with the query filtered by

              `table_pkey IS NULL` (indicating no match)

        '''

        if util.is_str(table): table = Table(table)

        assert type_ == None or util.is_str(type_) or type_ is filter_out

        self.table = table

        self.mapping = mapping

        self.type_ = type_

    def to_str(self, db, left_table_):

        def join(entry):

            '''Parses non-USING joins'''

            right_table_col, left_table_col = entry

            # Switch order (right_table_col is on the left in the comparison)

            left = right_table_col

            right = left_table_col

            left_table = self.table

            right_table = left_table_

            # Parse left side

            left = with_default_table(left, left_table)

            # Parse special values

            left_on_right = Col(left.name, right_table)

            if right is join_same: right = left_on_right

            elif right is join_same_not_null:

                right = CompareCond(left_on_right, '~=')

            # Parse right side

            right = as_ValueCond(right, right_table)

            return right.to_str(db, left)

        # Create join condition

        type_ = self.type_

        joins = self.mapping

        if joins == {}: join_cond = None

        elif type_ is not filter_out and reduce(operator.and_,

            (v is join_same_not_null for v in joins.itervalues())):

            # all cols w/ USING, so can use simpler USING syntax

            cols = map(to_name_only_col, joins.iterkeys())

            join_cond = 'USING ('+(', '.join((c.to_str(db) for c in cols)))+')'

        else: join_cond = combine_conds(map(join, joins.iteritems()), 'ON')

        if isinstance(self.table, NamedTable): whitespace = '\n'

        else: whitespace = ' '

        # Create join

        if type_ is filter_out: type_ = 'LEFT'

        str_ = ''

        if type_ != None: str_ += type_+' '

        str_ += 'JOIN'+whitespace+self.table.to_str(db)

        if join_cond != None: str_ += whitespace+join_cond

        return str_

    def __repr__(self): return self.to_str(mockDb, '<left_table>')

##### Value exprs

all_cols = CustomCode('*')

default = CustomCode('DEFAULT')

row_count = FunctionCall(InternalFunction('COUNT'), all_cols)

class Coalesce(FunctionCall):

    def __init__(self, *args):

        FunctionCall.__init__(self, InternalFunction('COALESCE'), *args)

class Nullif(FunctionCall):

    def __init__(self, *args):

        FunctionCall.__init__(self, InternalFunction('NULLIF'), *args)

# See <http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.3/static/datatype-numeric.html>

null_sentinels = {

    'character varying': r'\N',

    'double precision': 'NaN',

    'integer': 2147483647,

    'text': r'\N',

    'timestamp with time zone': 'infinity'

}

class EnsureNotNull(Coalesce):

    def __init__(self, value, type_):

        Coalesce.__init__(self, as_Col(value),

            Cast(type_, null_sentinels[type_]))

        self.type = type_

    def to_str(self, db):

        col = self.args[0]

        index_col_ = index_col(col)

        if index_col_ != None: return index_col_.to_str(db)

        return Coalesce.to_str(self, db)

##### Table exprs

class Values(Code):

    def __init__(self, values):

        '''

        @param values [...]|[[...], ...] Can be one or multiple rows.

        '''

        rows = values

        if len(values) >= 1 and not lists.is_seq(values[0]): # only one row

            rows = [values]

        for i, row in enumerate(rows):

            rows[i] = map(remove_col_rename, map(as_Value, row))

        self.rows = rows

    def to_str(self, db):

        def row_str(row):

            return '('+(', '.join((v.to_str(db) for v in row)))+')'

        return 'VALUES '+(', '.join(map(row_str, self.rows)))

def NamedValues(name, cols, values):

    '''

    @param cols None|[...]

    @post `cols` will be changed to Col objects with the table set to `name`.

    '''

    table = NamedTable(name, Values(values), cols)

    if cols != None: set_cols_table(table, cols)

    return table

##### Database structure

class TypedCol(Col):

    def __init__(self, name, type_, default=None, nullable=True,

        constraints=None):

        assert default == None or isinstance(default, Code)

        Col.__init__(self, name)

        self.type = type_

        self.default = default

        self.nullable = nullable

        self.constraints = constraints

    def to_str(self, db):

        str_ = Col.to_str(self, db)+' '+self.type

        if not self.nullable: str_ += ' NOT NULL'

        if self.default != None: str_ += ' DEFAULT '+self.default.to_str(db)

        if self.constraints != None: str_ += ' '+self.constraints

        return str_

    def to_Col(self): return Col(self.name)

ensure_not_null_excs = (NoUnderlyingTableException, KeyError)

def ensure_not_null(db, col, type_=None):

    '''

    @param col If type_ is not set, must have an underlying column.

    @param type_ If set, overrides the underlying column's type.

    @return EnsureNotNull|Col

    @throws ensure_not_null_excs

    '''

    nullable = True

    try: typed_col = db.col_info(underlying_col(col))

    except NoUnderlyingTableException:

        if type_ == None: raise

    else:

        if type_ == None: type_ = typed_col.type

        nullable = typed_col.nullable

    if nullable:

        try: col = EnsureNotNull(col, type_)

        except KeyError, e:

            # Warn of no null sentinel for type, even if caller catches error

            warnings.warn(UserWarning(exc.str_(e)))

            raise

    return col