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# Exception handling
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import atexit
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import sys
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import strings
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import util
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def raise_(e): raise e
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def add_msg(e, msg): e.args = (strings.ensure_newl(str(e))+msg,)
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def repl_msg(e, **repls): e.args = (str(e) % repls,)
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class ExceptionWithCause(Exception):
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    def __init__(self, msg, cause=None):
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        Exception.__init__(self, msg)
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        if cause != None: add_msg(self, 'cause: '+str_(cause))
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def str_(e, with_name=True):
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    msg = strings.ensure_newl(str(e))
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    if with_name: msg = util.type_name(e)+': '+msg
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    return msg
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def print_ex(e, **format): sys.stderr.write('! '+str_(e, **format))
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class ExTracker:
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    def __init__(self):
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        self.e_ct = 0
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        def at_exit():
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            if self.e_ct > 0:
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                raise SystemExit('Encountered '+str(self.e_ct)+' error(s)')
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        atexit.register(at_exit)
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    def track(self, e, **format):
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        self.e_ct += 1
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        print_ex(e, **format)