##################    Data preparation for interpolation   #######################################

############################ Extraction of station data ##########################################

#This script perform queries on the Postgres database ghcn for stations matching the             

#interpolation area. It requires the following inputs:                                           

# 1)the text file ofGHCND  stations from NCDC matching the database version release              

# 2)a shape file of the study area with geographic coordinates: lonlat WGS84                                                                          #       

# 3)a new coordinate system can be provided as an argument                                       

# 4)the variable of interest: "TMAX","TMIN" or "PRCP"                                            

# 5)the location of raser covariate stack.                                                                                             

#The outputs are text files and a shape file of a time subset of the database                    

#AUTHOR: Benoit Parmentier                                                                       

#DATE: 02/08/2013                                                                                 

#PROJECT: NCEAS INPLANT: Environment and Organisms --TASK#363--     

#Comments and TODO

#-Add buffer option...

#-Add calculation of monthly mean...

##################################################################################################

###Loading R library and packages   

library(RPostgreSQL)

library(sp)                                           # Spatial pacakge with class definition by Bivand et al.

library(spdep)                                          # Spatial pacakge with methods and spatial stat. by Bivand et al.

library(rgdal)                                          # GDAL wrapper for R, spatial utilities

library(rgeos)

library(rgdal)

library(raster)

library(rasterVis)

### Parameters and arguments

db.name <- "ghcn"                #name of the Postgres database

var <- "TMAX"                    #name of the variables to keep: TMIN, TMAX or PRCP

year_start<-"2010"               #starting year for the query (included)

year_end<-"2011"                 #end year for the query (excluded)

infile1<- "outline_venezuela_region__VE_01292013.shp"      #This is the shape file of outline of the study area.                                              #It is projected alreaday

infile2<-"ghcnd-stations.txt"                             #This is the textfile of station locations from GHCND

infile3<-"covariates__venezuela_region__VE_01292013.tif" #this is an output from covariate script

new_proj<-"+proj=sinu +lon_0=0 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +a=6371007.181 +b=6371007.181 +units=m +no_defs"

locs_coord<-CRS("+proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0")

CRS_locs_WGS84<-"+proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0"

##Paths to inputs and output

in_path <- "/home/parmentier/Data/benoit_test"

in_path <- "/home/parmentier/Data/IPLANT_project/Venezuela_interpolation/Venezuela_01142013/input_data/"

out_path<- "/home/parmentier/Data/IPLANT_project/Venezuela_interpolation/Venezuela_01142013/output_data/"

ghcnd_path<- "/home/layers/data/climate/ghcn/v2.92-upd-2012052822"

setwd(in_path) 

out_suffix<-"y2010_2010_VE_02082013"                                                 #User defined output prefix

out_region_name<-"_venezuela_region"

#out_suffix<-"_VE_01292013"

### Functions used in the script

format_s <-function(s_ID){

  #Format station ID in a vector format/tuple that is used in a psql query.

  # Argument 1: vector of station ID

  # Return: character of station ID

  tx2<-s_ID

  tx2<-as.character(tx2)

  stat_list<-tx2

  temp<-shQuote(stat_list)

  t<-paste(temp, collapse= " ")

  t1<-gsub(" ", ",",t)

  sf_ID<-paste("(",t1,")",sep="") #vector containing the station ID to query

  return(sf_ID)

}

############ BEGIN: START OF THE SCRIPT #################

##### STEP 1: Select station in the study area

filename<-sub(".shp","",infile1)             #Removing the extension from file.

interp_area <- readOGR(".",filename)

CRS_interp<-proj4string(interp_area)         #Storing the coordinate information: geographic coordinates longlat WGS84

dat_stat <- read.fwf(file.path(ghcnd_path,"ghcnd-stations.txt"), widths = c(11,9,10,7,3,31,4,4,6),fill=TRUE)

colnames(dat_stat)<-c("STAT_ID","lat","lon","elev","state","name","GSNF","HCNF","WMOID")

coords<- dat_stat[,c('lon','lat')]

coordinates(dat_stat)<-coords

proj4string(dat_stat)<-locs_coord #this is the WGS84 projection

#proj4string(dat_stat)<-CRS_interp

dat_stat2<-spTransform(dat_stat,CRS(new_proj))         # Project from WGS84 to new coord. system

# Spatial query to find relevant stations

inside <- !is.na(over(dat_stat2, as(interp_area, "SpatialPolygons")))  #Finding stations contained in the current interpolation area

stat_reg<-dat_stat2[inside,]              #Selecting stations contained in the current interpolation area

#Quick visualization of station locations

plot(interp_area, axes =TRUE)

plot(stat_reg, pch=1, col="red", cex= 0.7, add=TRUE)

#plot(data3,pch=1,col="blue",cex=3,add=TRUE)

#legend("topleft", pch=1,col="red",bty="n",title= "Stations",cex=1.6)

#only 357 station for Venezuela??

####

##Add buffer option? 

####

#### STEP 2: Connecting to the database and query for relevant data 

drv <- dbDriver("PostgreSQL")

db <- dbConnect(drv, dbname=db.name)

time1<-proc.time()    #Start stop watch

list_s<-format_s(stat_reg$STAT_ID)

data2<-dbGetQuery(db, paste("SELECT *

      FROM ghcn

      WHERE element=",shQuote(var),

      "AND year>=",year_start,

      "AND year<",year_end,

      "AND station IN ",list_s,";",sep=""))  #Selecting station using a SQL query

time_duration<-proc.time()-time1             #Time for the query may be long given the size of the database

time_minutes<-time_duration[3]/60

###

#Add month query and averages here...

###

#data2 contains only 46 stations for Venezueal area??

data_table<-merge(data2,as.data.frame(stat_reg), by.x = "station", by.y = "STAT_ID")

#Transform the subset data frame in a spatial data frame and reproject

data_reg<-data_table                               #Make a copy of the data frame

coords<- data_reg[c('lon','lat')]              #Define coordinates in a data frame: clean up here!!

                                                   #Wrong label...it is in fact projected...

coordinates(data_reg)<-coords                      #Assign coordinates to the data frame

#proj4string(data3)<-locs_coord                  #Assign coordinates reference system in PROJ4 format

proj4string(data_reg)<-locs_coord                #Assign coordinates reference system in PROJ4 format

data_reg<-spTransform(data_reg,CRS(new_proj))     #Project from WGS84 to new coord. system

plot(interp_area, axes =TRUE)

plot(stat_reg, pch=1, col="red", cex= 0.7, add=TRUE)

plot(data_reg,pch=2,col="blue",cex=2,add=TRUE)

##################################################################

### STEP 3: Save results and outuput in textfile and a shape file

#Save a textfile of the locations of meteorological stations in the study area

write.table(as.data.frame(stat_reg), file=file.path(in_path,paste("stations",out_region_name,"_",

                                                          out_suffix,".txt",sep="")),sep=",")

outfile<-paste("stations",out_region_name,"_",

               out_suffix,sep="")

writeOGR(stat_reg,dsn= ".",layer= outfile, driver="ESRI Shapefile",overwrite_layer=TRUE)

outfile<-paste("ghcn_data_",var,out_suffix,sep="")         #Name of the file

#writeOGR(data_proj, paste(outfile, "shp", sep="."), outfile, driver ="ESRI Shapefile") #Note that the layer name is the file name without extension

writeOGR(data_reg,dsn= ".",layer= outfile, driver="ESRI Shapefile",overwrite_layer=TRUE)

###################################################################

### STEP 4: Extract values at stations from covariates stack of raster images

#Eventually this step may be skipped if the covariates information is stored in the database...

#The names of covariates can be changed...

rnames<-c("x","y","lon","lat","N","E","N_w","E_w","elev","slope","aspect","CANHEIGHT","DISTOC")

lc_names<-c("LC1","LC2","LC3","LC4","LC5","LC6","LC7","LC8","LC9","LC10","LC11","LC12")

lst_names<-c("mm_01","mm_02","mm_03","mm_04","mm_05","mm_06","mm_07","mm_08","mm_09","mm_10","mm_11","mm_12",

             "nobs_01","nobs_02","nobs_03","nobs_04","nobs_05","nobs_06","nobs_07","nobs_08",

             "nobs_09","nobs_10","nobs_11","nobs_12")

covar_names<-c(rnames,lc_names,lst_names)

s_raster<-stack(infile3)                   #read in the data stack

names(s_raster)<-covar_names               #Assigning names to the raster layers: making sure it is included in the extraction

stat_val<- extract(s_raster, data_reg)        #Extracting values from the raster stack for every point location in coords data frame.

#create a shape file and data_frame with names

data_RST<-as.data.frame(stat_val)                                            #This creates a data frame with the values extracted

data_RST_SDF<-cbind(data_reg,data_RST)

coordinates(data_RST_SDF)<-coordinates(data_reg) #Transforming data_RST_SDF into a spatial point dataframe

CRS_reg<-proj4string(data_reg)

proj4string(data_RST_SDF)<-CRS_reg  #Need to assign coordinates...

#Creating a date column

date1<-ISOdate(data_RST_SDF$year,data_RST_SDF$month,data_RST_SDF$day) #Creating a date object from 3 separate column

date2<-gsub("-","",as.character(as.Date(date1)))

data_RST_SDF$date<-date2                                              #Date format (year,month,day) is the following: "20100627"

#This allows to change only one name of the data.frame

pos<-match("value",names(data_RST_SDF)) #Find column with name "value"

if (var=="TMAX"){

  #names(data_RST_SDF)[pos]<-c("TMax")

  data_RST_SDF$value<-data_RST_SDF$value/10                #TMax is the average max temp for monthy data

}

#write out a new shapefile (including .prj component)

outfile<-paste("daily_covariates_ghcn_data_",var,out_suffix,sep="")         #Name of the file

writeOGR(data_RST_SDF,dsn= ".",layer= outfile, driver="ESRI Shapefile",overwrite_layer=TRUE)

###############################################################

######## STEP 5: Preparing monthly averages from the ProstGres database

drv <- dbDriver("PostgreSQL")

db <- dbConnect(drv, dbname=db.name)

year_start<-2000

year_end<-2011

time1<-proc.time()    #Start stop watch

list_s<-format_s(stat_reg$STAT_ID)

data_m<-dbGetQuery(db, paste("SELECT *

                            FROM ghcn

                            WHERE element=",shQuote(var),

                            "AND year>=",year_start,

                            "AND year<",year_end,

                            "AND station IN ",list_s,";",sep=""))  #Selecting station using a SQL query

time_duration<-proc.time()-time1             #Time for the query may be long given the size of the database

time_minutes<-time_duration[3]/60

# do this work outside of (before) this function

# to avoid making a copy of the data frame inside the function call

date1<-ISOdate(data_m$year,data_m$month,data_m$day) #Creating a date object from 3 separate column

date2<-as.POSIXlt(as.Date(date1))

data_m$date<-date2

#In Venezuela and other regions where there are not many stations...mflag==S should be added..see Durenne etal.2010.

#d<-subset(data_m,year>=2000 & mflag=="0" ) #Selecting dataset 2000-2010 with good quality: 193 stations

d<-subset(data_m,mflag=="0" | mflag=="S")

#May need some screeing??? i.e. range of temp and elevation...

d1<-aggregate(value~station+month, data=d, mean)  #Calculate monthly mean for every station in OR

id<-as.data.frame(unique(d1$station))     #Unique station in OR for year 2000-2010: 193 but 7 loss of monthly avg    

dst<-merge(d1, stat_reg, by.x="station", by.y="STAT_ID")   #Inner join all columns are retained

#This allows to change only one name of the data.frame

pos<-match("value",names(dst)) #Find column with name "value"

if (var=="TMAX"){

  names(dst)[pos]<-c("TMax")

  dst$TMax<-dst$TMax/10                #TMax is the average max temp for monthy data

}

#dstjan=dst[dst$month==9,]  #dst contains the monthly averages for tmax for every station over 2000-2010

#Extracting covariates from stack for the monthly dataset...

coords<- dst[c('lon','lat')]              #Define coordinates in a data frame

coordinates(dst)<-coords                      #Assign coordinates to the data frame

proj4string(dst)<-CRS_locs_WGS84                  #Assign coordinates reference system in PROJ4 format

dst_month<-spTransform(dst,CRS(CRS_interp))     #Project from WGS84 to new coord. system

stations_val<-extract(s_raster,dst_month)  #extraction of the infomration at station location

stations_val<-as.data.frame(stations_val)

dst_extract<-cbind(dst_month,stations_val) #this is in sinusoidal from the raster stack

dst<-dst_extract

coords<- dst[c('x','y')]              #Define coordinates in a data frame, this is the local x,y

coordinates(dst)<-coords                    #Assign coordinates to the data frame

proj4string(dst)<-projection(s_raster)        #Assign coordinates reference system in PROJ4 format

####

#write out a new shapefile (including .prj component)

outfile<-paste("monthly_covariates_ghcn_data_",var,out_suffix,sep="")         #Name of the file

dst$OID<-1:nrow(dst) #need a unique ID?

writeOGR(dst,dsn= ".",layer= outfile, driver="ESRI Shapefile",overwrite_layer=TRUE)

##### END OF SCRIPT ##########