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1 11 aaronmk
# Database access
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import copy
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import re
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import time
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import warnings
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import exc
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import dicts
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import iters
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import lists
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import profiling
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from Proxy import Proxy
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import rand
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import sql_gen
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import strings
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import util
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##### Exceptions
20
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def get_cur_query(cur, input_query=None):
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    raw_query = None
23
    if hasattr(cur, 'query'): raw_query = cur.query
24
    elif hasattr(cur, '_last_executed'): raw_query = cur._last_executed
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26
    if raw_query != None: return raw_query
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    else: return '[input] '+strings.ustr(input_query)
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def _add_cursor_info(e, *args, **kw_args):
30
    '''For params, see get_cur_query()'''
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    exc.add_msg(e, 'query: '+strings.ustr(get_cur_query(*args, **kw_args)))
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class DbException(exc.ExceptionWithCause):
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    def __init__(self, msg, cause=None, cur=None):
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        exc.ExceptionWithCause.__init__(self, msg, cause, cause_newline=True)
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        if cur != None: _add_cursor_info(self, cur)
37
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class ExceptionWithName(DbException):
39
    def __init__(self, name, cause=None):
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        DbException.__init__(self, 'for name: '
41
            +strings.as_tt(strings.ustr(name)), cause)
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        self.name = name
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class ExceptionWithValue(DbException):
45
    def __init__(self, value, cause=None):
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        DbException.__init__(self, 'for value: '
47
            +strings.as_tt(strings.urepr(value)), cause)
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        self.value = value
49
50 2945 aaronmk
class ExceptionWithNameType(DbException):
51
    def __init__(self, type_, name, cause=None):
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        DbException.__init__(self, 'for type: '+strings.as_tt(strings.ustr(
53
            type_))+'; name: '+strings.as_tt(name), cause)
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        self.type = type_
55
        self.name = name
56
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class ConstraintException(DbException):
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    def __init__(self, name, cond, cols, cause=None):
59
        msg = 'Violated '+strings.as_tt(name)+' constraint'
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        if cond != None: msg += ' with condition '+strings.as_tt(cond)
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        if cols != []: msg += ' on columns: '+strings.as_tt(', '.join(cols))
62
        DbException.__init__(self, msg, cause)
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        self.name = name
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        self.cond = cond
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        self.cols = cols
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class MissingCastException(DbException):
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    def __init__(self, type_, col=None, cause=None):
69
        msg = 'Missing cast to type '+strings.as_tt(type_)
70
        if col != None: msg += ' on column: '+strings.as_tt(col)
71
        DbException.__init__(self, msg, cause)
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        self.type = type_
73
        self.col = col
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class EncodingException(ExceptionWithName): pass
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class DuplicateKeyException(ConstraintException): pass
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class NullValueException(ConstraintException): pass
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class CheckException(ConstraintException): pass
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class InvalidValueException(ExceptionWithValue): pass
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class InvalidTypeException(ExceptionWithNameType): pass
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class DuplicateException(ExceptionWithNameType): pass
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class DoesNotExistException(ExceptionWithNameType): pass
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class EmptyRowException(DbException): pass
92
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##### Warnings
94
95
class DbWarning(UserWarning): pass
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##### Result retrieval
98
99
def col_names(cur): return (col[0] for col in cur.description)
100
101
def rows(cur): return iter(lambda: cur.fetchone(), None)
102
103
def consume_rows(cur):
104
    '''Used to fetch all rows so result will be cached'''
105
    iters.consume_iter(rows(cur))
106
107
def next_row(cur): return rows(cur).next()
108
109
def row(cur):
110
    row_ = next_row(cur)
111
    consume_rows(cur)
112
    return row_
113
114
def next_value(cur): return next_row(cur)[0]
115
116
def value(cur): return row(cur)[0]
117
118
def values(cur): return iters.func_iter(lambda: next_value(cur))
119
120
def value_or_none(cur):
121
    try: return value(cur)
122
    except StopIteration: return None
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##### Escaping
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def esc_name_by_module(module, name):
127
    if module == 'psycopg2' or module == None: quote = '"'
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    elif module == 'MySQLdb': quote = '`'
129
    else: raise NotImplementedError("Can't escape name for "+module+' database')
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    return sql_gen.esc_name(name, quote)
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132
def esc_name_by_engine(engine, name, **kw_args):
133
    return esc_name_by_module(db_engines[engine][0], name, **kw_args)
134
135
def esc_name(db, name, **kw_args):
136
    return esc_name_by_module(util.root_module(db.db), name, **kw_args)
137
138
def qual_name(db, schema, table):
139
    def esc_name_(name): return esc_name(db, name)
140
    table = esc_name_(table)
141
    if schema != None: return esc_name_(schema)+'.'+table
142
    else: return table
143
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##### Database connections
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db_config_names = ['engine', 'host', 'user', 'password', 'database', 'schemas']
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db_engines = {
149
    'MySQL': ('MySQLdb', {'password': 'passwd', 'database': 'db'}),
150
    'PostgreSQL': ('psycopg2', {}),
151
}
152
153
DatabaseErrors_set = set([DbException])
154
DatabaseErrors = tuple(DatabaseErrors_set)
155
156
def _add_module(module):
157
    DatabaseErrors_set.add(module.DatabaseError)
158
    global DatabaseErrors
159
    DatabaseErrors = tuple(DatabaseErrors_set)
160
161
def db_config_str(db_config):
162
    return db_config['engine']+' database '+db_config['database']
163
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log_debug_none = lambda msg, level=2: None
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class DbConn:
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    def __init__(self, db_config, autocommit=True, caching=True,
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        log_debug=log_debug_none, debug_temp=False, src=None):
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        '''
170
        @param debug_temp Whether temporary objects should instead be permanent.
171
            This assists in debugging the internal objects used by the program.
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        @param src In autocommit mode, will be included in a comment in every
173
            query, to help identify the data source in pg_stat_activity.
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        '''
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        self.db_config = db_config
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        self.autocommit = autocommit
177
        self.caching = caching
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        self.log_debug = log_debug
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        self.debug = log_debug != log_debug_none
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        self.debug_temp = debug_temp
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        self.src = src
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        self.autoanalyze = False
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        self.autoexplain = False
184
        self.profile_row_ct = None
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        self._savepoint = 0
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        self._reset()
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189
    def __getattr__(self, name):
190
        if name == '__dict__': raise Exception('getting __dict__')
191
        if name == 'db': return self._db()
192
        else: raise AttributeError()
193
194
    def __getstate__(self):
195
        state = copy.copy(self.__dict__) # shallow copy
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        state['log_debug'] = None # don't pickle the debug callback
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        state['_DbConn__db'] = None # don't pickle the connection
198
        return state
199
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    def clear_cache(self): self.query_results = {}
201
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    def _reset(self):
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        self.clear_cache()
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        assert self._savepoint == 0
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        self._notices_seen = set()
206
        self.__db = None
207
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    def connected(self): return self.__db != None
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    def close(self):
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        if not self.connected(): return
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        # Record that the automatic transaction is now closed
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        self._savepoint -= 1
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216 3119 aaronmk
        self.db.close()
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        self._reset()
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    def reconnect(self):
220
        # Do not do this in test mode as it would roll back everything
221
        if self.autocommit: self.close()
222
        # Connection will be reopened automatically on first query
223
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    def _db(self):
225
        if self.__db == None:
226
            # Process db_config
227
            db_config = self.db_config.copy() # don't modify input!
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            schemas = db_config.pop('schemas', None)
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            module_name, mappings = db_engines[db_config.pop('engine')]
230
            module = __import__(module_name)
231
            _add_module(module)
232
            for orig, new in mappings.iteritems():
233
                try: util.rename_key(db_config, orig, new)
234
                except KeyError: pass
235
236
            # Connect
237
            self.__db = module.connect(**db_config)
238
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            # Record that a transaction is already open
240
            self._savepoint += 1
241
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            # Configure connection
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            if hasattr(self.db, 'set_isolation_level'):
244
                import psycopg2.extensions
245
                self.db.set_isolation_level(
246
                    psycopg2.extensions.ISOLATION_LEVEL_READ_COMMITTED)
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            if schemas != None:
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                search_path = [self.esc_name(s) for s in schemas.split(',')]
249
                run_query(self, 'SET search_path TO '+(','.join(search_path)),
250
                    log_level=3)
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        return self.__db
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254 1891 aaronmk
    class DbCursor(Proxy):
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        def __init__(self, outer):
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            Proxy.__init__(self, outer.db.cursor())
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            self.outer = outer
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            self.query_results = outer.query_results
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            self.query_lookup = None
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            self.result = []
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        def execute(self, query):
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            self._is_insert = query.startswith('INSERT')
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            self.query_lookup = query
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            try:
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                try: cur = self.inner.execute(query)
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                finally: self.query = get_cur_query(self.inner, query)
268 1904 aaronmk
            except Exception, e:
269
                self.result = e # cache the exception as the result
270
                self._cache_result()
271
                raise
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273
            # Always cache certain queries
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            query = sql_gen.lstrip(query)
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            if query.startswith('CREATE') or query.startswith('ALTER'):
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                # structural changes
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                # Rest of query must be unique in the face of name collisions,
278
                # so don't cache ADD COLUMN unless it has distinguishing comment
279
                if query.find('ADD COLUMN') < 0 or query.endswith('*/'):
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                    self._cache_result()
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            elif self.rowcount == 0 and query.startswith('SELECT'): # empty
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                consume_rows(self) # fetch all rows so result will be cached
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            return cur
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286 1891 aaronmk
        def fetchone(self):
287
            row = self.inner.fetchone()
288 1899 aaronmk
            if row != None: self.result.append(row)
289
            # otherwise, fetched all rows
290 1904 aaronmk
            else: self._cache_result()
291
            return row
292
293
        def _cache_result(self):
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            # For inserts that return a result set, don't cache result set since
295
            # inserts are not idempotent. Other non-SELECT queries don't have
296
            # their result set read, so only exceptions will be cached (an
297
            # invalid query will always be invalid).
298 1930 aaronmk
            if self.query_results != None and (not self._is_insert
299 1906 aaronmk
                or isinstance(self.result, Exception)):
300
301 1894 aaronmk
                assert self.query_lookup != None
302 1916 aaronmk
                self.query_results[self.query_lookup] = self.CacheCursor(
303
                    util.dict_subset(dicts.AttrsDictView(self),
304
                    ['query', 'result', 'rowcount', 'description']))
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306 1916 aaronmk
        class CacheCursor:
307
            def __init__(self, cached_result): self.__dict__ = cached_result
308
309 1927 aaronmk
            def execute(self, *args, **kw_args):
310 1916 aaronmk
                if isinstance(self.result, Exception): raise self.result
311
                # otherwise, result is a rows list
312
                self.iter = iter(self.result)
313
314
            def fetchone(self):
315
                try: return self.iter.next()
316
                except StopIteration: return None
317 1891 aaronmk
318 2212 aaronmk
    def esc_value(self, value):
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        try: str_ = self.mogrify('%s', [value])
320
        except NotImplementedError, e:
321
            module = util.root_module(self.db)
322
            if module == 'MySQLdb':
323
                import _mysql
324
                str_ = _mysql.escape_string(value)
325
            else: raise e
326 2374 aaronmk
        return strings.to_unicode(str_)
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328 2347 aaronmk
    def esc_name(self, name): return esc_name(self, name) # calls global func
329
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    def std_code(self, str_):
331
        '''Standardizes SQL code.
332
        * Ensures that string literals are prefixed by `E`
333
        '''
334
        if str_.startswith("'"): str_ = 'E'+str_
335
        return str_
336
337 2665 aaronmk
    def can_mogrify(self):
338 2663 aaronmk
        module = util.root_module(self.db)
339 2665 aaronmk
        return module == 'psycopg2'
340 2663 aaronmk
341 2665 aaronmk
    def mogrify(self, query, params=None):
342
        if self.can_mogrify(): return self.db.cursor().mogrify(query, params)
343
        else: raise NotImplementedError("Can't mogrify query")
344
345 5579 aaronmk
    def set_encoding(self, encoding):
346
        encoding_str = sql_gen.Literal(encoding)
347
        run_query(self, 'SET NAMES '+encoding_str.to_str(self))
348
349 2671 aaronmk
    def print_notices(self):
350 2725 aaronmk
        if hasattr(self.db, 'notices'):
351
            for msg in self.db.notices:
352
                if msg not in self._notices_seen:
353
                    self._notices_seen.add(msg)
354
                    self.log_debug(msg, level=2)
355 2671 aaronmk
356 2793 aaronmk
    def run_query(self, query, cacheable=False, log_level=2,
357 2464 aaronmk
        debug_msg_ref=None):
358 2445 aaronmk
        '''
359 2464 aaronmk
        @param log_ignore_excs The log_level will be increased by 2 if the query
360
            throws one of these exceptions.
361 2664 aaronmk
        @param debug_msg_ref If specified, the log message will be returned in
362
            this instead of being output. This allows you to filter log messages
363
            depending on the result of the query.
364 2445 aaronmk
        '''
365 2167 aaronmk
        assert query != None
366
367 3183 aaronmk
        if self.autocommit and self.src != None:
368 3206 aaronmk
            query = sql_gen.esc_comment(self.src)+'\t'+query
369 3183 aaronmk
370 2047 aaronmk
        if not self.caching: cacheable = False
371 1903 aaronmk
        used_cache = False
372 2664 aaronmk
373 3242 aaronmk
        if self.debug:
374
            profiler = profiling.ItersProfiler(start_now=True, iter_text='row')
375 1903 aaronmk
        try:
376 1927 aaronmk
            # Get cursor
377
            if cacheable:
378 3238 aaronmk
                try: cur = self.query_results[query]
379 1927 aaronmk
                except KeyError: cur = self.DbCursor(self)
380 3238 aaronmk
                else: used_cache = True
381 1927 aaronmk
            else: cur = self.db.cursor()
382
383
            # Run query
384 3238 aaronmk
            try: cur.execute(query)
385 3162 aaronmk
            except Exception, e:
386
                _add_cursor_info(e, self, query)
387
                raise
388 3238 aaronmk
            else: self.do_autocommit()
389 1903 aaronmk
        finally:
390 3242 aaronmk
            if self.debug:
391 3244 aaronmk
                profiler.stop(self.profile_row_ct)
392 3242 aaronmk
393
                ## Log or return query
394
395 4491 aaronmk
                query = strings.ustr(get_cur_query(cur, query))
396 3281 aaronmk
                # Put the src comment on a separate line in the log file
397
                query = query.replace('\t', '\n', 1)
398 3239 aaronmk
399 3240 aaronmk
                msg = 'DB query: '
400 3239 aaronmk
401 3240 aaronmk
                if used_cache: msg += 'cache hit'
402
                elif cacheable: msg += 'cache miss'
403
                else: msg += 'non-cacheable'
404 3239 aaronmk
405 3241 aaronmk
                msg += ':\n'+profiler.msg()+'\n'+strings.as_code(query, 'SQL')
406 3240 aaronmk
407 3237 aaronmk
                if debug_msg_ref != None: debug_msg_ref[0] = msg
408
                else: self.log_debug(msg, log_level)
409 3245 aaronmk
410
                self.print_notices()
411 1903 aaronmk
412
        return cur
413 1914 aaronmk
414 2797 aaronmk
    def is_cached(self, query): return query in self.query_results
415 2139 aaronmk
416 2907 aaronmk
    def with_autocommit(self, func):
417 2801 aaronmk
        import psycopg2.extensions
418
419
        prev_isolation_level = self.db.isolation_level
420 2907 aaronmk
        self.db.set_isolation_level(
421
            psycopg2.extensions.ISOLATION_LEVEL_AUTOCOMMIT)
422 2683 aaronmk
        try: return func()
423 2801 aaronmk
        finally: self.db.set_isolation_level(prev_isolation_level)
424 2683 aaronmk
425 2139 aaronmk
    def with_savepoint(self, func):
426 3137 aaronmk
        top = self._savepoint == 0
427 2171 aaronmk
        savepoint = 'level_'+str(self._savepoint)
428 3137 aaronmk
429 3272 aaronmk
        if self.debug:
430 3273 aaronmk
            self.log_debug('Begin transaction', level=4)
431 3272 aaronmk
            profiler = profiling.ItersProfiler(start_now=True, iter_text='row')
432
433 3160 aaronmk
        # Must happen before running queries so they don't get autocommitted
434
        self._savepoint += 1
435
436 3137 aaronmk
        if top: query = 'START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED'
437
        else: query = 'SAVEPOINT '+savepoint
438
        self.run_query(query, log_level=4)
439
        try:
440
            return func()
441
            if top: self.run_query('COMMIT', log_level=4)
442 2139 aaronmk
        except:
443 3137 aaronmk
            if top: query = 'ROLLBACK'
444
            else: query = 'ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT '+savepoint
445
            self.run_query(query, log_level=4)
446
447 2139 aaronmk
            raise
448 2930 aaronmk
        finally:
449
            # Always release savepoint, because after ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT,
450
            # "The savepoint remains valid and can be rolled back to again"
451
            # (http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.3/static/sql-rollback-to.html).
452 3137 aaronmk
            if not top:
453
                self.run_query('RELEASE SAVEPOINT '+savepoint, log_level=4)
454 2930 aaronmk
455
            self._savepoint -= 1
456
            assert self._savepoint >= 0
457
458 3272 aaronmk
            if self.debug:
459
                profiler.stop(self.profile_row_ct)
460 3273 aaronmk
                self.log_debug('End transaction\n'+profiler.msg(), level=4)
461 3272 aaronmk
462 2930 aaronmk
            self.do_autocommit() # OK to do this after ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
463 2191 aaronmk
464
    def do_autocommit(self):
465
        '''Autocommits if outside savepoint'''
466 3135 aaronmk
        assert self._savepoint >= 1
467
        if self.autocommit and self._savepoint == 1:
468 2924 aaronmk
            self.log_debug('Autocommitting', level=4)
469 2191 aaronmk
            self.db.commit()
470 2643 aaronmk
471 3155 aaronmk
    def col_info(self, col, cacheable=True):
472 6900 aaronmk
        module = util.root_module(self.db)
473 6899 aaronmk
        if module == 'psycopg2':
474 6900 aaronmk
            qual_table = sql_gen.Literal(col.table.to_str(self))
475 6899 aaronmk
            col_name_str = sql_gen.Literal(col.name)
476
            try:
477 6900 aaronmk
                type_, is_array, default, nullable = row(run_query(self, '''\
478 6899 aaronmk
SELECT
479
format_type(COALESCE(NULLIF(typelem, 0), pg_type.oid), -1) AS type
480
, typcategory = 'A' AS type_is_array
481 6903 aaronmk
, pg_get_expr(pg_attrdef.adbin, attrelid, true) AS default
482 6899 aaronmk
, NOT pg_attribute.attnotnull AS nullable
483
FROM pg_attribute
484
LEFT JOIN pg_type ON pg_type.oid = atttypid
485
LEFT JOIN pg_attrdef ON adrelid = attrelid AND adnum = attnum
486
WHERE
487 6901 aaronmk
attrelid = '''+qual_table.to_str(self)+'''::regclass
488
AND attname = '''+col_name_str.to_str(self)+'''
489 6899 aaronmk
'''
490 6904 aaronmk
                    , recover=True, cacheable=cacheable, log_level=4))
491 6905 aaronmk
            except (DoesNotExistException, StopIteration):
492
                raise sql_gen.NoUnderlyingTableException(col)
493 6900 aaronmk
            if is_array: type_ = sql_gen.ArrayType(type_)
494 6899 aaronmk
        else:
495
            table = sql_gen.Table('columns', 'information_schema')
496
            cols = [sql_gen.Col('data_type'), sql_gen.Col('udt_name'),
497
                'column_default', sql_gen.Cast('boolean',
498
                sql_gen.Col('is_nullable'))]
499
500
            conds = [('table_name', col.table.name),
501
                ('column_name', strings.ustr(col.name))]
502
            schema = col.table.schema
503
            if schema != None: conds.append(('table_schema', schema))
504
505
            cur = select(self, table, cols, conds, order_by='table_schema',
506
                limit=1, cacheable=cacheable, log_level=4)
507
            try: type_, extra_type, default, nullable = row(cur)
508
            except StopIteration: raise sql_gen.NoUnderlyingTableException(col)
509
            if type_ == 'USER-DEFINED': type_ = extra_type
510
            elif type_ == 'ARRAY':
511
                type_ = sql_gen.ArrayType(strings.remove_prefix('_', extra_type,
512
                    require=True))
513 2643 aaronmk
514 6899 aaronmk
        if default != None: default = sql_gen.as_Code(default, self)
515 2819 aaronmk
        return sql_gen.TypedCol(col.name, type_, default, nullable)
516 2917 aaronmk
517
    def TempFunction(self, name):
518
        if self.debug_temp: schema = None
519
        else: schema = 'pg_temp'
520
        return sql_gen.Function(name, schema)
521 1849 aaronmk
522 1869 aaronmk
connect = DbConn
523
524 832 aaronmk
##### Recoverable querying
525 15 aaronmk
526 5577 aaronmk
def parse_exception(db, e, recover=False):
527
    msg = strings.ustr(e.args[0])
528
    msg = re.sub(r'^(?:PL/Python: )?ValueError: ', r'', msg)
529
530
    match = re.match(r'^invalid byte sequence for encoding "(.+?)":', msg)
531
    if match:
532
        encoding, = match.groups()
533
        raise EncodingException(encoding, e)
534
535 5763 aaronmk
    def make_DuplicateKeyException(constraint, e):
536 5577 aaronmk
        cols = []
537
        cond = None
538
        if recover: # need auto-rollback to run index_cols()
539
            try:
540
                cols = index_cols(db, constraint)
541
                cond = index_cond(db, constraint)
542
            except NotImplementedError: pass
543 5763 aaronmk
        return DuplicateKeyException(constraint, cond, cols, e)
544 5577 aaronmk
545 5763 aaronmk
    match = re.match(r'^duplicate key value violates unique constraint "(.+?)"',
546
        msg)
547
    if match:
548
        constraint, = match.groups()
549
        raise make_DuplicateKeyException(constraint, e)
550
551 5764 aaronmk
    match = re.match(r'^could not create unique index "(.+?)"\n'
552
        r'DETAIL:  Key .+? is duplicated', msg)
553
    if match:
554
        constraint, = match.groups()
555 5823 aaronmk
        raise DuplicateKeyException(constraint, None, [], e)
556 5764 aaronmk
557 5577 aaronmk
    match = re.match(r'^null value in column "(.+?)" violates not-null'
558
        r' constraint', msg)
559
    if match:
560
        col, = match.groups()
561
        raise NullValueException('NOT NULL', None, [col], e)
562
563
    match = re.match(r'^new row for relation "(.+?)" violates check '
564
        r'constraint "(.+?)"', msg)
565
    if match:
566
        table, constraint = match.groups()
567
        constraint = sql_gen.Col(constraint, table)
568
        cond = None
569
        if recover: # need auto-rollback to run constraint_cond()
570
            try: cond = constraint_cond(db, constraint)
571
            except NotImplementedError: pass
572
        raise CheckException(constraint.to_str(db), cond, [], e)
573
574 5723 aaronmk
    match = re.match(r'^(?:invalid input (?:syntax|value)\b[^:]*'
575 5717 aaronmk
        r'|.+? out of range)(?:: "(.+?)")?', msg)
576 5577 aaronmk
    if match:
577
        value, = match.groups()
578 5717 aaronmk
        value = util.do_ignore_none(strings.to_unicode, value)
579
        raise InvalidValueException(value, e)
580 5577 aaronmk
581
    match = re.match(r'^column "(.+?)" is of type (.+?) but expression '
582
        r'is of type', msg)
583
    if match:
584
        col, type_ = match.groups()
585
        raise MissingCastException(type_, col, e)
586
587
    match = re.match(r'^could not determine polymorphic type because '
588
        r'input has type "unknown"', msg)
589
    if match: raise MissingCastException('text', None, e)
590
591 5724 aaronmk
    match = re.match(r'^.+? types (.+?) and (.+?) cannot be matched', msg)
592
    if match:
593
        type0, type1 = match.groups()
594
        raise MissingCastException(type0, None, e)
595 5577 aaronmk
596 7112 aaronmk
    match = re.match(r'^.*?\brelation "(.+?)" is not a (table)', msg)
597
    if match:
598
        name, type_ = match.groups()
599
        raise InvalidTypeException(type_, name, e)
600
601 5707 aaronmk
    typed_name_re = r'^(\S+) "?(.+?)"?(?: of relation ".+?")?'
602 5577 aaronmk
603
    match = re.match(typed_name_re+r'.*? already exists', msg)
604
    if match:
605
        type_, name = match.groups()
606
        raise DuplicateException(type_, name, e)
607
608
    match = re.match(r'more than one (\S+) named ""(.+?)""', msg)
609
    if match:
610
        type_, name = match.groups()
611
        raise DuplicateException(type_, name, e)
612
613
    match = re.match(typed_name_re+r' does not exist', msg)
614
    if match:
615
        type_, name = match.groups()
616 5683 aaronmk
        if type_ == 'function':
617 5709 aaronmk
            match = re.match(r'^(.+?)\(.*\)$', name)
618 5710 aaronmk
            if match: # includes params, so is call rather than cast to regproc
619 5708 aaronmk
                function_name, = match.groups()
620 5711 aaronmk
                func = sql_gen.Function(function_name)
621 5712 aaronmk
                if function_exists(db, func) and msg.find('CAST') < 0:
622 5683 aaronmk
                    # not found only because of a missing cast
623 5715 aaronmk
                    type_ = function_param0_type(db, func)
624 6301 aaronmk
                    col = None
625 5792 aaronmk
                    if type_ == 'anyelement': type_ = 'text'
626 6301 aaronmk
                    elif type_ == 'hstore': # cast just the value param
627
                        type_ = 'text'
628
                        col = 'value'
629
                    raise MissingCastException(type_, col, e)
630 5577 aaronmk
        raise DoesNotExistException(type_, name, e)
631
632
    raise # no specific exception raised
633
634 2139 aaronmk
def with_savepoint(db, func): return db.with_savepoint(func)
635 11 aaronmk
636 2791 aaronmk
def run_query(db, query, recover=None, cacheable=False, log_level=2,
637
    log_ignore_excs=None, **kw_args):
638 2794 aaronmk
    '''For params, see DbConn.run_query()'''
639 830 aaronmk
    if recover == None: recover = False
640 2464 aaronmk
    if log_ignore_excs == None: log_ignore_excs = ()
641
    log_ignore_excs = tuple(log_ignore_excs)
642 3236 aaronmk
    debug_msg_ref = [None]
643 830 aaronmk
644 3267 aaronmk
    query = with_explain_comment(db, query)
645 3258 aaronmk
646 2148 aaronmk
    try:
647 2464 aaronmk
        try:
648 2794 aaronmk
            def run(): return db.run_query(query, cacheable, log_level,
649 2793 aaronmk
                debug_msg_ref, **kw_args)
650 2796 aaronmk
            if recover and not db.is_cached(query):
651 2464 aaronmk
                return with_savepoint(db, run)
652
            else: return run() # don't need savepoint if cached
653 5890 aaronmk
        except Exception, e:
654
            # Give failed EXPLAIN approximately the log_level of its query
655
            if query.startswith('EXPLAIN'): log_level -= 1
656
657
            parse_exception(db, e, recover)
658 2464 aaronmk
    except log_ignore_excs:
659
        log_level += 2
660
        raise
661
    finally:
662 3236 aaronmk
        if debug_msg_ref[0] != None: db.log_debug(debug_msg_ref[0], log_level)
663 830 aaronmk
664 832 aaronmk
##### Basic queries
665
666 3256 aaronmk
def is_explainable(query):
667
    # See <http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.3/static/sql-explain.html#AEN57749>
668 3257 aaronmk
    return re.match(r'^(?:SELECT|INSERT|UPDATE|DELETE|VALUES|EXECUTE|DECLARE)\b'
669
        , query)
670 3256 aaronmk
671 3263 aaronmk
def explain(db, query, **kw_args):
672
    '''
673
    For params, see run_query().
674
    '''
675 3267 aaronmk
    kw_args.setdefault('log_level', 4)
676 3263 aaronmk
677 3750 aaronmk
    return strings.ustr(strings.join_lines(values(run_query(db,
678
        'EXPLAIN '+query, recover=True, cacheable=True, **kw_args))))
679 3256 aaronmk
        # not a higher log_level because it's useful to see what query is being
680
        # run before it's executed, which EXPLAIN effectively provides
681
682 3265 aaronmk
def has_comment(query): return query.endswith('*/')
683
684
def with_explain_comment(db, query, **kw_args):
685 3269 aaronmk
    if db.autoexplain and not has_comment(query) and is_explainable(query):
686 3265 aaronmk
        query += '\n'+sql_gen.esc_comment(' EXPLAIN:\n'
687
            +explain(db, query, **kw_args))
688
    return query
689
690 2153 aaronmk
def next_version(name):
691 2163 aaronmk
    version = 1 # first existing name was version 0
692 2586 aaronmk
    match = re.match(r'^(.*)#(\d+)$', name)
693 2153 aaronmk
    if match:
694 2586 aaronmk
        name, version = match.groups()
695
        version = int(version)+1
696 2932 aaronmk
    return sql_gen.concat(name, '#'+str(version))
697 2153 aaronmk
698 2899 aaronmk
def lock_table(db, table, mode):
699
    table = sql_gen.as_Table(table)
700
    run_query(db, 'LOCK TABLE '+table.to_str(db)+' IN '+mode+' MODE')
701
702 3303 aaronmk
def run_query_into(db, query, into=None, add_pkey_=False, **kw_args):
703 2085 aaronmk
    '''Outputs a query to a temp table.
704
    For params, see run_query().
705
    '''
706 2789 aaronmk
    if into == None: return run_query(db, query, **kw_args)
707 2790 aaronmk
708
    assert isinstance(into, sql_gen.Table)
709
710 2992 aaronmk
    into.is_temp = True
711 3008 aaronmk
    # "temporary tables cannot specify a schema name", so remove schema
712
    into.schema = None
713 2992 aaronmk
714 2790 aaronmk
    kw_args['recover'] = True
715 2945 aaronmk
    kw_args.setdefault('log_ignore_excs', (DuplicateException,))
716 2790 aaronmk
717 2916 aaronmk
    temp = not db.debug_temp # tables are permanent in debug_temp mode
718 2790 aaronmk
719
    # Create table
720
    while True:
721
        create_query = 'CREATE'
722
        if temp: create_query += ' TEMP'
723
        create_query += ' TABLE '+into.to_str(db)+' AS\n'+query
724 2385 aaronmk
725 2790 aaronmk
        try:
726
            cur = run_query(db, create_query, **kw_args)
727
                # CREATE TABLE AS sets rowcount to # rows in query
728
            break
729 2945 aaronmk
        except DuplicateException, e:
730 2790 aaronmk
            into.name = next_version(into.name)
731
            # try again with next version of name
732
733 5967 aaronmk
    if add_pkey_: add_pkey_or_index(db, into, warn=True)
734 3075 aaronmk
735
    # According to the PostgreSQL doc, "The autovacuum daemon cannot access and
736
    # therefore cannot vacuum or analyze temporary tables. [...] if a temporary
737
    # table is going to be used in complex queries, it is wise to run ANALYZE on
738
    # the temporary table after it is populated."
739
    # (http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/static/sql-createtable.html)
740
    # If into is not a temp table, ANALYZE is useful but not required.
741 3073 aaronmk
    analyze(db, into)
742 2790 aaronmk
743
    return cur
744 2085 aaronmk
745 2120 aaronmk
order_by_pkey = object() # tells mk_select() to order by the pkey
746
747 2199 aaronmk
distinct_on_all = object() # tells mk_select() to SELECT DISTINCT ON all columns
748
749 3420 aaronmk
def mk_select(db, tables=None, fields=None, conds=None, distinct_on=[],
750 3494 aaronmk
    limit=None, start=None, order_by=order_by_pkey, default_table=None,
751
    explain=True):
752 1981 aaronmk
    '''
753 2121 aaronmk
    @param tables The single table to select from, or a list of tables to join
754 2280 aaronmk
        together, with tables after the first being sql_gen.Join objects
755 1981 aaronmk
    @param fields Use None to select all fields in the table
756 2377 aaronmk
    @param conds WHERE conditions: [(compare_left_side, compare_right_side),...]
757 2379 aaronmk
        * container can be any iterable type
758 2399 aaronmk
        * compare_left_side: sql_gen.Code|str (for col name)
759
        * compare_right_side: sql_gen.ValueCond|literal value
760 2199 aaronmk
    @param distinct_on The columns to SELECT DISTINCT ON, or distinct_on_all to
761
        use all columns
762 2786 aaronmk
    @return query
763 1981 aaronmk
    '''
764 2315 aaronmk
    # Parse tables param
765 2964 aaronmk
    tables = lists.mk_seq(tables)
766 2141 aaronmk
    tables = list(tables) # don't modify input! (list() copies input)
767 2315 aaronmk
    table0 = sql_gen.as_Table(tables.pop(0)) # first table is separate
768 2121 aaronmk
769 2315 aaronmk
    # Parse other params
770 2376 aaronmk
    if conds == None: conds = []
771 2650 aaronmk
    elif dicts.is_dict(conds): conds = conds.items()
772 2379 aaronmk
    conds = list(conds) # don't modify input! (list() copies input)
773 3129 aaronmk
    assert limit == None or isinstance(limit, (int, long))
774
    assert start == None or isinstance(start, (int, long))
775 5527 aaronmk
    if limit == 0: order_by = None
776 2315 aaronmk
    if order_by is order_by_pkey:
777 5641 aaronmk
        if lists.is_seq(distinct_on) and distinct_on: order_by = distinct_on[0]
778
        elif table0 != None: order_by = table_order_by(db, table0, recover=True)
779
        else: order_by = None
780 865 aaronmk
781 2315 aaronmk
    query = 'SELECT'
782 2056 aaronmk
783 2315 aaronmk
    def parse_col(col): return sql_gen.as_Col(col, default_table).to_str(db)
784 2056 aaronmk
785 2200 aaronmk
    # DISTINCT ON columns
786 2233 aaronmk
    if distinct_on != []:
787 2467 aaronmk
        query += '\nDISTINCT'
788 2254 aaronmk
        if distinct_on is not distinct_on_all:
789 2200 aaronmk
            query += ' ON ('+(', '.join(map(parse_col, distinct_on)))+')'
790
791
    # Columns
792 3185 aaronmk
    if query.find('\n') >= 0: whitespace = '\n'
793
    else: whitespace = ' '
794
    if fields == None: query += whitespace+'*'
795 2765 aaronmk
    else:
796
        assert fields != []
797 3185 aaronmk
        if len(fields) > 1: whitespace = '\n'
798
        query += whitespace+('\n, '.join(map(parse_col, fields)))
799 2200 aaronmk
800
    # Main table
801 3185 aaronmk
    if query.find('\n') >= 0 or len(tables) > 0: whitespace = '\n'
802
    else: whitespace = ' '
803 3420 aaronmk
    if table0 != None: query += whitespace+'FROM '+table0.to_str(db)
804 865 aaronmk
805 2122 aaronmk
    # Add joins
806 2271 aaronmk
    left_table = table0
807 2263 aaronmk
    for join_ in tables:
808
        table = join_.table
809 2238 aaronmk
810 2343 aaronmk
        # Parse special values
811
        if join_.type_ is sql_gen.filter_out: # filter no match
812 2376 aaronmk
            conds.append((sql_gen.Col(table_not_null_col(db, table), table),
813 2853 aaronmk
                sql_gen.CompareCond(None, '~=')))
814 2343 aaronmk
815 2467 aaronmk
        query += '\n'+join_.to_str(db, left_table)
816 2122 aaronmk
817
        left_table = table
818
819 865 aaronmk
    missing = True
820 2376 aaronmk
    if conds != []:
821 2576 aaronmk
        if len(conds) == 1: whitespace = ' '
822
        else: whitespace = '\n'
823 2578 aaronmk
        query += '\n'+sql_gen.combine_conds([sql_gen.ColValueCond(l, r)
824
            .to_str(db) for l, r in conds], 'WHERE')
825 2227 aaronmk
    if order_by != None:
826 5642 aaronmk
        query += '\nORDER BY '+sql_gen.as_Col(order_by).to_str(db)
827 3297 aaronmk
    if limit != None: query += '\nLIMIT '+str(limit)
828 865 aaronmk
    if start != None:
829 2467 aaronmk
        if start != 0: query += '\nOFFSET '+str(start)
830 865 aaronmk
831 3494 aaronmk
    if explain: query = with_explain_comment(db, query)
832 3266 aaronmk
833 2786 aaronmk
    return query
834 11 aaronmk
835 2054 aaronmk
def select(db, *args, **kw_args):
836
    '''For params, see mk_select() and run_query()'''
837
    recover = kw_args.pop('recover', None)
838
    cacheable = kw_args.pop('cacheable', True)
839 2442 aaronmk
    log_level = kw_args.pop('log_level', 2)
840 2054 aaronmk
841 2791 aaronmk
    return run_query(db, mk_select(db, *args, **kw_args), recover, cacheable,
842
        log_level=log_level)
843 2054 aaronmk
844 2788 aaronmk
def mk_insert_select(db, table, cols=None, select_query=None, returning=None,
845 3181 aaronmk
    embeddable=False, ignore=False, src=None):
846 1960 aaronmk
    '''
847
    @param returning str|None An inserted column (such as pkey) to return
848 2070 aaronmk
    @param embeddable Whether the query should be embeddable as a nested SELECT.
849 2073 aaronmk
        Warning: If you set this and cacheable=True when the query is run, the
850
        query will be fully cached, not just if it raises an exception.
851 3009 aaronmk
    @param ignore Whether to ignore duplicate keys.
852 3181 aaronmk
    @param src Will be included in the name of any created function, to help
853
        identify the data source in pg_stat_activity.
854 1960 aaronmk
    '''
855 2754 aaronmk
    table = sql_gen.remove_table_rename(sql_gen.as_Table(table))
856 2318 aaronmk
    if cols == []: cols = None # no cols (all defaults) = unknown col names
857 3010 aaronmk
    if cols != None: cols = [sql_gen.to_name_only_col(c, table) for c in cols]
858 2063 aaronmk
    if select_query == None: select_query = 'DEFAULT VALUES'
859 2327 aaronmk
    if returning != None: returning = sql_gen.as_Col(returning, table)
860 2063 aaronmk
861 2497 aaronmk
    first_line = 'INSERT INTO '+table.to_str(db)
862 2063 aaronmk
863 3009 aaronmk
    def mk_insert(select_query):
864
        query = first_line
865 3014 aaronmk
        if cols != None:
866
            query += '\n('+(', '.join((c.to_str(db) for c in cols)))+')'
867 3009 aaronmk
        query += '\n'+select_query
868
869
        if returning != None:
870
            returning_name_col = sql_gen.to_name_only_col(returning)
871
            query += '\nRETURNING '+returning_name_col.to_str(db)
872
873
        return query
874 2063 aaronmk
875 3489 aaronmk
    return_type = sql_gen.CustomCode('unknown')
876
    if returning != None: return_type = sql_gen.ColType(returning)
877 3017 aaronmk
878 3009 aaronmk
    if ignore:
879 3017 aaronmk
        # Always return something to set the correct rowcount
880
        if returning == None: returning = sql_gen.NamedCol('NULL', None)
881
882 3009 aaronmk
        embeddable = True # must use function
883 3010 aaronmk
884 3450 aaronmk
        if cols == None: row = [sql_gen.Col(sql_gen.all_cols, 'row')]
885
        else: row = [sql_gen.Col(c.name, 'row') for c in cols]
886 3092 aaronmk
887 3484 aaronmk
        query = sql_gen.RowExcIgnore(sql_gen.RowType(table), select_query,
888 3497 aaronmk
            sql_gen.ReturnQuery(mk_insert(sql_gen.Values(row).to_str(db))),
889
            cols)
890 3009 aaronmk
    else: query = mk_insert(select_query)
891
892 2070 aaronmk
    if embeddable:
893
        # Create function
894 2513 aaronmk
        function_name = sql_gen.clean_name(first_line)
895 3181 aaronmk
        if src != None: function_name = src+': '+function_name
896 2189 aaronmk
        while True:
897
            try:
898 3451 aaronmk
                func = db.TempFunction(function_name)
899 3489 aaronmk
                def_ = sql_gen.FunctionDef(func, sql_gen.SetOf(return_type),
900
                    query)
901 2194 aaronmk
902 3443 aaronmk
                run_query(db, def_.to_str(db), recover=True, cacheable=True,
903 2945 aaronmk
                    log_ignore_excs=(DuplicateException,))
904 2189 aaronmk
                break # this version was successful
905 2945 aaronmk
            except DuplicateException, e:
906 2189 aaronmk
                function_name = next_version(function_name)
907
                # try again with next version of name
908 2070 aaronmk
909 2337 aaronmk
        # Return query that uses function
910 3009 aaronmk
        cols = None
911
        if returning != None: cols = [returning]
912 3451 aaronmk
        func_table = sql_gen.NamedTable('f', sql_gen.FunctionCall(func), cols)
913
            # AS clause requires function alias
914 3298 aaronmk
        return mk_select(db, func_table, order_by=None)
915 2070 aaronmk
916 2787 aaronmk
    return query
917 2066 aaronmk
918 3074 aaronmk
def insert_select(db, table, *args, **kw_args):
919 2085 aaronmk
    '''For params, see mk_insert_select() and run_query_into()
920 2386 aaronmk
    @param into sql_gen.Table with suggested name of temp table to put RETURNING
921
        values in
922 2072 aaronmk
    '''
923 3141 aaronmk
    returning = kw_args.get('returning', None)
924
    ignore = kw_args.get('ignore', False)
925
926 2386 aaronmk
    into = kw_args.pop('into', None)
927
    if into != None: kw_args['embeddable'] = True
928 2066 aaronmk
    recover = kw_args.pop('recover', None)
929 3141 aaronmk
    if ignore: recover = True
930 2066 aaronmk
    cacheable = kw_args.pop('cacheable', True)
931 2673 aaronmk
    log_level = kw_args.pop('log_level', 2)
932 2066 aaronmk
933 3141 aaronmk
    rowcount_only = ignore and returning == None # keep NULL rows on server
934
    if rowcount_only: into = sql_gen.Table('rowcount')
935
936 3074 aaronmk
    cur = run_query_into(db, mk_insert_select(db, table, *args, **kw_args),
937
        into, recover=recover, cacheable=cacheable, log_level=log_level)
938 3141 aaronmk
    if rowcount_only: empty_temp(db, into)
939 3074 aaronmk
    autoanalyze(db, table)
940
    return cur
941 2063 aaronmk
942 2738 aaronmk
default = sql_gen.default # tells insert() to use the default value for a column
943 2066 aaronmk
944 2063 aaronmk
def insert(db, table, row, *args, **kw_args):
945 2085 aaronmk
    '''For params, see insert_select()'''
946 5050 aaronmk
    ignore = kw_args.pop('ignore', False)
947 5094 aaronmk
    if ignore: kw_args.setdefault('recover', True)
948 5050 aaronmk
949 1960 aaronmk
    if lists.is_seq(row): cols = None
950
    else:
951
        cols = row.keys()
952
        row = row.values()
953 2738 aaronmk
    row = list(row) # ensure that "== []" works
954 1960 aaronmk
955 2738 aaronmk
    if row == []: query = None
956
    else: query = sql_gen.Values(row).to_str(db)
957 1961 aaronmk
958 5050 aaronmk
    try: return insert_select(db, table, cols, query, *args, **kw_args)
959 5057 aaronmk
    except (DuplicateKeyException, NullValueException):
960 5050 aaronmk
        if not ignore: raise
961 5163 aaronmk
        return None
962 11 aaronmk
963 3152 aaronmk
def mk_update(db, table, changes=None, cond=None, in_place=False,
964 3153 aaronmk
    cacheable_=True):
965 2402 aaronmk
    '''
966
    @param changes [(col, new_value),...]
967
        * container can be any iterable type
968
        * col: sql_gen.Code|str (for col name)
969
        * new_value: sql_gen.Code|literal value
970
    @param cond sql_gen.Code WHERE condition. e.g. use sql_gen.*Cond objects.
971 3056 aaronmk
    @param in_place If set, locks the table and updates rows in place.
972
        This avoids creating dead rows in PostgreSQL.
973
        * cond must be None
974 3153 aaronmk
    @param cacheable_ Whether column structure information used to generate the
975 3152 aaronmk
        query can be cached
976 2402 aaronmk
    @return str query
977
    '''
978 3057 aaronmk
    table = sql_gen.as_Table(table)
979
    changes = [(sql_gen.to_name_only_col(c, table), sql_gen.as_Value(v))
980
        for c, v in changes]
981
982 3056 aaronmk
    if in_place:
983
        assert cond == None
984 3058 aaronmk
985 5398 aaronmk
        def col_type(col):
986
            return sql_gen.canon_type(db.col_info(
987
                sql_gen.with_default_table(c, table), cacheable_).type)
988
        changes = [(c, v, col_type(c)) for c, v in changes]
989 3065 aaronmk
        query = 'ALTER TABLE '+table.to_str(db)+'\n'
990 5396 aaronmk
        query += ',\n'.join(('ALTER COLUMN '+c.to_str(db)+' TYPE '+t+'\nUSING '
991
            +v.to_str(db) for c, v, t in changes))
992 3058 aaronmk
    else:
993
        query = 'UPDATE '+table.to_str(db)+'\nSET\n'
994
        query += ',\n'.join((c.to_str(db)+' = '+v.to_str(db)
995
            for c, v in changes))
996
        if cond != None: query += '\nWHERE\n'+cond.to_str(db)
997 3056 aaronmk
998 3266 aaronmk
    query = with_explain_comment(db, query)
999
1000 2402 aaronmk
    return query
1001
1002 3074 aaronmk
def update(db, table, *args, **kw_args):
1003 2402 aaronmk
    '''For params, see mk_update() and run_query()'''
1004
    recover = kw_args.pop('recover', None)
1005 3043 aaronmk
    cacheable = kw_args.pop('cacheable', False)
1006 3030 aaronmk
    log_level = kw_args.pop('log_level', 2)
1007 2402 aaronmk
1008 3074 aaronmk
    cur = run_query(db, mk_update(db, table, *args, **kw_args), recover,
1009
        cacheable, log_level=log_level)
1010
    autoanalyze(db, table)
1011
    return cur
1012 2402 aaronmk
1013 3286 aaronmk
def mk_delete(db, table, cond=None):
1014
    '''
1015
    @param cond sql_gen.Code WHERE condition. e.g. use sql_gen.*Cond objects.
1016
    @return str query
1017
    '''
1018
    query = 'DELETE FROM '+table.to_str(db)
1019
    if cond != None: query += '\nWHERE '+cond.to_str(db)
1020
1021
    query = with_explain_comment(db, query)
1022
1023
    return query
1024
1025
def delete(db, table, *args, **kw_args):
1026
    '''For params, see mk_delete() and run_query()'''
1027
    recover = kw_args.pop('recover', None)
1028 3295 aaronmk
    cacheable = kw_args.pop('cacheable', True)
1029 3286 aaronmk
    log_level = kw_args.pop('log_level', 2)
1030
1031
    cur = run_query(db, mk_delete(db, table, *args, **kw_args), recover,
1032
        cacheable, log_level=log_level)
1033
    autoanalyze(db, table)
1034
    return cur
1035
1036 135 aaronmk
def last_insert_id(db):
1037 1849 aaronmk
    module = util.root_module(db.db)
1038 135 aaronmk
    if module == 'psycopg2': return value(run_query(db, 'SELECT lastval()'))
1039
    elif module == 'MySQLdb': return db.insert_id()
1040
    else: return None
1041 13 aaronmk
1042 3490 aaronmk
def define_func(db, def_):
1043
    func = def_.function
1044
    while True:
1045
        try:
1046
            run_query(db, def_.to_str(db), recover=True, cacheable=True,
1047
                log_ignore_excs=(DuplicateException,))
1048
            break # successful
1049
        except DuplicateException:
1050 3495 aaronmk
            func.name = next_version(func.name)
1051 3490 aaronmk
            # try again with next version of name
1052
1053 2394 aaronmk
def mk_flatten_mapping(db, into, cols, preserve=[], as_items=False):
1054 2383 aaronmk
    '''Creates a mapping from original column names (which may have collisions)
1055 2415 aaronmk
    to names that will be distinct among the columns' tables.
1056 2383 aaronmk
    This is meant to be used for several tables that are being joined together.
1057 2415 aaronmk
    @param cols The columns to combine. Duplicates will be removed.
1058
    @param into The table for the new columns.
1059 2394 aaronmk
    @param preserve [sql_gen.Col...] Columns not to rename. Note that these
1060
        columns will be included in the mapping even if they are not in cols.
1061
        The tables of the provided Col objects will be changed to into, so make
1062
        copies of them if you want to keep the original tables.
1063
    @param as_items Whether to return a list of dict items instead of a dict
1064 2383 aaronmk
    @return dict(orig_col=new_col, ...)
1065
        * orig_col: sql_gen.Col(orig_col_name, orig_table)
1066 2392 aaronmk
        * new_col: sql_gen.Col(orig_col_name, into)
1067
        * All mappings use the into table so its name can easily be
1068 2383 aaronmk
          changed for all columns at once
1069
    '''
1070 2415 aaronmk
    cols = lists.uniqify(cols)
1071
1072 2394 aaronmk
    items = []
1073 2389 aaronmk
    for col in preserve:
1074 2390 aaronmk
        orig_col = copy.copy(col)
1075 2392 aaronmk
        col.table = into
1076 2394 aaronmk
        items.append((orig_col, col))
1077
    preserve = set(preserve)
1078
    for col in cols:
1079 2716 aaronmk
        if col not in preserve:
1080 3750 aaronmk
            items.append((col, sql_gen.Col(strings.ustr(col), into, col.srcs)))
1081 2394 aaronmk
1082
    if not as_items: items = dict(items)
1083
    return items
1084 2383 aaronmk
1085 2393 aaronmk
def flatten(db, into, joins, cols, limit=None, start=None, **kw_args):
1086 2391 aaronmk
    '''For params, see mk_flatten_mapping()
1087
    @return See return value of mk_flatten_mapping()
1088
    '''
1089 2394 aaronmk
    items = mk_flatten_mapping(db, into, cols, as_items=True, **kw_args)
1090
    cols = [sql_gen.NamedCol(new.name, old) for old, new in items]
1091 5523 aaronmk
    run_query_into(db, mk_select(db, joins, cols, limit=limit, start=start),
1092
        into=into, add_pkey_=True)
1093 3708 aaronmk
        # don't cache because the temp table will usually be truncated after use
1094 2394 aaronmk
    return dict(items)
1095 2391 aaronmk
1096 3079 aaronmk
##### Database structure introspection
1097 2414 aaronmk
1098 3079 aaronmk
#### Tables
1099
1100 4555 aaronmk
def tables(db, schema_like='public', table_like='%', exact=False,
1101
    cacheable=True):
1102 3079 aaronmk
    if exact: compare = '='
1103
    else: compare = 'LIKE'
1104
1105
    module = util.root_module(db.db)
1106
    if module == 'psycopg2':
1107
        conds = [('schemaname', sql_gen.CompareCond(schema_like, compare)),
1108
            ('tablename', sql_gen.CompareCond(table_like, compare))]
1109
        return values(select(db, 'pg_tables', ['tablename'], conds,
1110 4555 aaronmk
            order_by='tablename', cacheable=cacheable, log_level=4))
1111 3079 aaronmk
    elif module == 'MySQLdb':
1112
        return values(run_query(db, 'SHOW TABLES LIKE '+db.esc_value(table_like)
1113
            , cacheable=True, log_level=4))
1114
    else: raise NotImplementedError("Can't list tables for "+module+' database')
1115
1116 4556 aaronmk
def table_exists(db, table, cacheable=True):
1117 3079 aaronmk
    table = sql_gen.as_Table(table)
1118 4556 aaronmk
    return list(tables(db, table.schema, table.name, True, cacheable)) != []
1119 3079 aaronmk
1120 2426 aaronmk
def table_row_count(db, table, recover=None):
1121 2786 aaronmk
    return value(run_query(db, mk_select(db, table, [sql_gen.row_count],
1122 3298 aaronmk
        order_by=None), recover=recover, log_level=3))
1123 2426 aaronmk
1124 5337 aaronmk
def table_col_names(db, table, recover=None):
1125 5528 aaronmk
    return list(col_names(select(db, table, limit=0, recover=recover,
1126
        log_level=4)))
1127 2414 aaronmk
1128 5383 aaronmk
def table_cols(db, table, *args, **kw_args):
1129
    return [sql_gen.as_Col(strings.ustr(c), table)
1130
        for c in table_col_names(db, table, *args, **kw_args)]
1131
1132 5521 aaronmk
def table_pkey_index(db, table, recover=None):
1133
    table_str = sql_gen.Literal(table.to_str(db))
1134
    try:
1135
        return sql_gen.Table(value(run_query(db, '''\
1136
SELECT relname
1137
FROM pg_index
1138
JOIN pg_class index ON index.oid = indexrelid
1139
WHERE
1140
indrelid = '''+table_str.to_str(db)+'''::regclass
1141
AND indisprimary
1142
'''
1143
            , recover, cacheable=True, log_level=4)), table.schema)
1144
    except StopIteration: raise DoesNotExistException('primary key', '')
1145
1146 5389 aaronmk
def table_pkey_col(db, table, recover=None):
1147 5061 aaronmk
    table = sql_gen.as_Table(table)
1148
1149 5989 aaronmk
    module = util.root_module(db.db)
1150
    if module == 'psycopg2':
1151
        return sql_gen.Col(index_cols(db, table_pkey_index(db, table,
1152
            recover))[0], table)
1153
    else:
1154
        join_cols = ['table_schema', 'table_name', 'constraint_schema',
1155
            'constraint_name']
1156
        tables = [sql_gen.Table('key_column_usage', 'information_schema'),
1157
            sql_gen.Join(
1158
                sql_gen.Table('table_constraints', 'information_schema'),
1159
                dict(((c, sql_gen.join_same_not_null) for c in join_cols)))]
1160
        cols = [sql_gen.Col('column_name')]
1161
1162
        conds = [('constraint_type', 'PRIMARY KEY'), ('table_name', table.name)]
1163
        schema = table.schema
1164
        if schema != None: conds.append(('table_schema', schema))
1165
        order_by = 'position_in_unique_constraint'
1166
1167
        try: return sql_gen.Col(value(select(db, tables, cols, conds,
1168
            order_by=order_by, limit=1, log_level=4)), table)
1169
        except StopIteration: raise DoesNotExistException('primary key', '')
1170 5389 aaronmk
1171 5990 aaronmk
def table_has_pkey(db, table, recover=None):
1172
    try: table_pkey_col(db, table, recover)
1173
    except DoesNotExistException: return False
1174
    else: return True
1175
1176 5389 aaronmk
def pkey_name(db, table, recover=None):
1177
    '''If no pkey, returns the first column in the table.'''
1178 5392 aaronmk
    return pkey_col(db, table, recover).name
1179 832 aaronmk
1180 5390 aaronmk
def pkey_col(db, table, recover=None):
1181 5391 aaronmk
    '''If no pkey, returns the first column in the table.'''
1182 5392 aaronmk
    try: return table_pkey_col(db, table, recover)
1183 5393 aaronmk
    except DoesNotExistException: return table_cols(db, table, recover)[0]
1184 5128 aaronmk
1185 2559 aaronmk
not_null_col = 'not_null_col'
1186 2340 aaronmk
1187
def table_not_null_col(db, table, recover=None):
1188
    '''Name assumed to be the value of not_null_col. If not found, uses pkey.'''
1189 5337 aaronmk
    if not_null_col in table_col_names(db, table, recover): return not_null_col
1190 5388 aaronmk
    else: return pkey_name(db, table, recover)
1191 2340 aaronmk
1192 3348 aaronmk
def constraint_cond(db, constraint):
1193
    module = util.root_module(db.db)
1194
    if module == 'psycopg2':
1195
        table_str = sql_gen.Literal(constraint.table.to_str(db))
1196
        name_str = sql_gen.Literal(constraint.name)
1197
        return value(run_query(db, '''\
1198
SELECT consrc
1199
FROM pg_constraint
1200
WHERE
1201
conrelid = '''+table_str.to_str(db)+'''::regclass
1202
AND conname = '''+name_str.to_str(db)+'''
1203
'''
1204
            , cacheable=True, log_level=4))
1205 5443 aaronmk
    else: raise NotImplementedError("Can't get constraint condition for "
1206
        +module+' database')
1207 3348 aaronmk
1208 5520 aaronmk
def index_exprs(db, index):
1209 3322 aaronmk
    index = sql_gen.as_Table(index)
1210 1909 aaronmk
    module = util.root_module(db.db)
1211
    if module == 'psycopg2':
1212 3322 aaronmk
        qual_index = sql_gen.Literal(index.to_str(db))
1213 5520 aaronmk
        return list(values(run_query(db, '''\
1214 3322 aaronmk
SELECT pg_get_indexdef(indexrelid, generate_series(1, indnatts), true)
1215
FROM pg_index
1216
WHERE indexrelid = '''+qual_index.to_str(db)+'''::regclass
1217 2782 aaronmk
'''
1218
            , cacheable=True, log_level=4)))
1219 5520 aaronmk
    else: raise NotImplementedError()
1220 853 aaronmk
1221 5520 aaronmk
def index_cols(db, index):
1222
    '''Can also use this for UNIQUE constraints, because a UNIQUE index is
1223
    automatically created. When you don't know whether something is a UNIQUE
1224
    constraint or a UNIQUE index, use this function.'''
1225
    return map(sql_gen.parse_expr_col, index_exprs(db, index))
1226
1227 5445 aaronmk
def index_cond(db, index):
1228
    index = sql_gen.as_Table(index)
1229
    module = util.root_module(db.db)
1230
    if module == 'psycopg2':
1231
        qual_index = sql_gen.Literal(index.to_str(db))
1232
        return value(run_query(db, '''\
1233
SELECT pg_get_expr(indpred, indrelid, true)
1234
FROM pg_index
1235
WHERE indexrelid = '''+qual_index.to_str(db)+'''::regclass
1236
'''
1237
            , cacheable=True, log_level=4))
1238
    else: raise NotImplementedError()
1239
1240 5521 aaronmk
def index_order_by(db, index):
1241
    return sql_gen.CustomCode(', '.join(index_exprs(db, index)))
1242
1243
def table_cluster_on(db, table, recover=None):
1244
    '''
1245
    @return The table's cluster index, or its pkey if none is set
1246
    '''
1247
    table_str = sql_gen.Literal(table.to_str(db))
1248
    try:
1249
        return sql_gen.Table(value(run_query(db, '''\
1250
SELECT relname
1251
FROM pg_index
1252
JOIN pg_class index ON index.oid = indexrelid
1253
WHERE
1254
indrelid = '''+table_str.to_str(db)+'''::regclass
1255
AND indisclustered
1256
'''
1257
            , recover, cacheable=True, log_level=4)), table.schema)
1258
    except StopIteration: return table_pkey_index(db, table, recover)
1259
1260
def table_order_by(db, table, recover=None):
1261 5525 aaronmk
    if table.order_by == None:
1262
        try: table.order_by = index_order_by(db, table_cluster_on(db, table,
1263
            recover))
1264
        except DoesNotExistException: pass
1265
    return table.order_by
1266 5521 aaronmk
1267 3079 aaronmk
#### Functions
1268
1269
def function_exists(db, function):
1270 3423 aaronmk
    qual_function = sql_gen.Literal(function.to_str(db))
1271
    try:
1272 3425 aaronmk
        select(db, fields=[sql_gen.Cast('regproc', qual_function)],
1273
            recover=True, cacheable=True, log_level=4)
1274 3423 aaronmk
    except DoesNotExistException: return False
1275 4146 aaronmk
    except DuplicateException: return True # overloaded function
1276 3423 aaronmk
    else: return True
1277 3079 aaronmk
1278 5713 aaronmk
def function_param0_type(db, function):
1279
    qual_function = sql_gen.Literal(function.to_str(db))
1280
    return value(run_query(db, '''\
1281
SELECT proargtypes[0]::regtype
1282
FROM pg_proc
1283
WHERE oid = '''+qual_function.to_str(db)+'''::regproc
1284
'''
1285
        , cacheable=True, log_level=4))
1286
1287 3079 aaronmk
##### Structural changes
1288
1289
#### Columns
1290
1291 5020 aaronmk
def add_col(db, table, col, comment=None, if_not_exists=False, **kw_args):
1292 3079 aaronmk
    '''
1293
    @param col TypedCol Name may be versioned, so be sure to propagate any
1294
        renaming back to any source column for the TypedCol.
1295
    @param comment None|str SQL comment used to distinguish columns of the same
1296
        name from each other when they contain different data, to allow the
1297
        ADD COLUMN query to be cached. If not set, query will not be cached.
1298
    '''
1299
    assert isinstance(col, sql_gen.TypedCol)
1300
1301
    while True:
1302
        str_ = 'ALTER TABLE '+table.to_str(db)+' ADD COLUMN '+col.to_str(db)
1303
        if comment != None: str_ += ' '+sql_gen.esc_comment(comment)
1304
1305
        try:
1306
            run_query(db, str_, recover=True, cacheable=True, **kw_args)
1307
            break
1308
        except DuplicateException:
1309 5020 aaronmk
            if if_not_exists: raise
1310 3079 aaronmk
            col.name = next_version(col.name)
1311
            # try again with next version of name
1312
1313
def add_not_null(db, col):
1314
    table = col.table
1315
    col = sql_gen.to_name_only_col(col)
1316
    run_query(db, 'ALTER TABLE '+table.to_str(db)+' ALTER COLUMN '
1317
        +col.to_str(db)+' SET NOT NULL', cacheable=True, log_level=3)
1318
1319 4443 aaronmk
def drop_not_null(db, col):
1320
    table = col.table
1321
    col = sql_gen.to_name_only_col(col)
1322
    run_query(db, 'ALTER TABLE '+table.to_str(db)+' ALTER COLUMN '
1323
        +col.to_str(db)+' DROP NOT NULL', cacheable=True, log_level=3)
1324
1325 2096 aaronmk
row_num_col = '_row_num'
1326
1327 4997 aaronmk
row_num_col_def = sql_gen.TypedCol('', 'serial', nullable=False,
1328 3079 aaronmk
    constraints='PRIMARY KEY')
1329
1330 4997 aaronmk
def add_row_num(db, table, name=row_num_col):
1331
    '''Adds a row number column to a table. Its definition is in
1332
    row_num_col_def. It will be the primary key.'''
1333
    col_def = copy.copy(row_num_col_def)
1334
    col_def.name = name
1335 5021 aaronmk
    add_col(db, table, col_def, comment='', if_not_exists=True, log_level=3)
1336 3079 aaronmk
1337
#### Indexes
1338
1339
def add_pkey(db, table, cols=None, recover=None):
1340
    '''Adds a primary key.
1341
    @param cols [sql_gen.Col,...] The columns in the primary key.
1342
        Defaults to the first column in the table.
1343
    @pre The table must not already have a primary key.
1344
    '''
1345
    table = sql_gen.as_Table(table)
1346 5388 aaronmk
    if cols == None: cols = [pkey_name(db, table, recover)]
1347 3079 aaronmk
    col_strs = [sql_gen.to_name_only_col(v).to_str(db) for v in cols]
1348
1349
    run_query(db, 'ALTER TABLE '+table.to_str(db)+' ADD PRIMARY KEY ('
1350
        +(', '.join(col_strs))+')', recover=True, cacheable=True, log_level=3,
1351
        log_ignore_excs=(DuplicateException,))
1352
1353 2998 aaronmk
def add_index(db, exprs, table=None, unique=False, ensure_not_null_=True):
1354 2688 aaronmk
    '''Adds an index on column(s) or expression(s) if it doesn't already exist.
1355 3356 aaronmk
    Currently, only function calls and literal values are supported expressions.
1356 2998 aaronmk
    @param ensure_not_null_ If set, translates NULL values to sentinel values.
1357 2847 aaronmk
        This allows indexes to be used for comparisons where NULLs are equal.
1358 2538 aaronmk
    '''
1359 2964 aaronmk
    exprs = lists.mk_seq(exprs)
1360 2538 aaronmk
1361 2688 aaronmk
    # Parse exprs
1362
    old_exprs = exprs[:]
1363
    exprs = []
1364
    cols = []
1365
    for i, expr in enumerate(old_exprs):
1366 2823 aaronmk
        expr = sql_gen.as_Col(expr, table)
1367 2688 aaronmk
1368 2823 aaronmk
        # Handle nullable columns
1369 2998 aaronmk
        if ensure_not_null_:
1370 3164 aaronmk
            try: expr = sql_gen.ensure_not_null(db, expr)
1371 2860 aaronmk
            except KeyError: pass # unknown type, so just create plain index
1372 2823 aaronmk
1373 2688 aaronmk
        # Extract col
1374 3002 aaronmk
        expr = copy.deepcopy(expr) # don't modify input!
1375 3356 aaronmk
        col = expr
1376
        if isinstance(expr, sql_gen.FunctionCall): col = expr.args[0]
1377
        expr = sql_gen.cast_literal(expr)
1378
        if not isinstance(expr, (sql_gen.Expr, sql_gen.Col)):
1379 2688 aaronmk
            expr = sql_gen.Expr(expr)
1380 3356 aaronmk
1381 2688 aaronmk
1382
        # Extract table
1383
        if table == None:
1384
            assert sql_gen.is_table_col(col)
1385
            table = col.table
1386
1387 3356 aaronmk
        if isinstance(col, sql_gen.Col): col.table = None
1388 2688 aaronmk
1389
        exprs.append(expr)
1390
        cols.append(col)
1391 2408 aaronmk
1392 2688 aaronmk
    table = sql_gen.as_Table(table)
1393
1394 3005 aaronmk
    # Add index
1395 3148 aaronmk
    str_ = 'CREATE'
1396
    if unique: str_ += ' UNIQUE'
1397
    str_ += ' INDEX ON '+table.to_str(db)+' ('+(
1398
        ', '.join((v.to_str(db) for v in exprs)))+')'
1399
    run_query(db, str_, recover=True, cacheable=True, log_level=3)
1400 2408 aaronmk
1401 5987 aaronmk
def add_pkey_index(db, table): add_index(db, pkey_col(db, table), table)
1402
1403 5765 aaronmk
def add_pkey_or_index(db, table, cols=None, recover=None, warn=False):
1404
    try: add_pkey(db, table, cols, recover)
1405
    except DuplicateKeyException, e:
1406
        if warn: warnings.warn(UserWarning(exc.str_(e)))
1407 5988 aaronmk
        add_pkey_index(db, table)
1408 5765 aaronmk
1409 3083 aaronmk
already_indexed = object() # tells add_indexes() the pkey has already been added
1410
1411
def add_indexes(db, table, has_pkey=True):
1412
    '''Adds an index on all columns in a table.
1413
    @param has_pkey bool|already_indexed Whether a pkey instead of a regular
1414
        index should be added on the first column.
1415
        * If already_indexed, the pkey is assumed to have already been added
1416
    '''
1417 5337 aaronmk
    cols = table_col_names(db, table)
1418 3083 aaronmk
    if has_pkey:
1419
        if has_pkey is not already_indexed: add_pkey(db, table)
1420
        cols = cols[1:]
1421
    for col in cols: add_index(db, col, table)
1422
1423 3079 aaronmk
#### Tables
1424 2772 aaronmk
1425 3079 aaronmk
### Maintenance
1426 2772 aaronmk
1427 3079 aaronmk
def analyze(db, table):
1428
    table = sql_gen.as_Table(table)
1429
    run_query(db, 'ANALYZE '+table.to_str(db), log_level=3)
1430 2934 aaronmk
1431 3079 aaronmk
def autoanalyze(db, table):
1432
    if db.autoanalyze: analyze(db, table)
1433 2935 aaronmk
1434 3079 aaronmk
def vacuum(db, table):
1435
    table = sql_gen.as_Table(table)
1436
    db.with_autocommit(lambda: run_query(db, 'VACUUM ANALYZE '+table.to_str(db),
1437
        log_level=3))
1438 2086 aaronmk
1439 3079 aaronmk
### Lifecycle
1440
1441 3247 aaronmk
def drop(db, type_, name):
1442
    name = sql_gen.as_Name(name)
1443
    run_query(db, 'DROP '+type_+' IF EXISTS '+name.to_str(db)+' CASCADE')
1444 2889 aaronmk
1445 3247 aaronmk
def drop_table(db, table): drop(db, 'TABLE', table)
1446
1447 3082 aaronmk
def create_table(db, table, cols=[], has_pkey=True, col_indexes=True,
1448
    like=None):
1449 2675 aaronmk
    '''Creates a table.
1450 2681 aaronmk
    @param cols [sql_gen.TypedCol,...] The column names and types
1451
    @param has_pkey If set, the first column becomes the primary key.
1452 2760 aaronmk
    @param col_indexes bool|[ref]
1453
        * If True, indexes will be added on all non-pkey columns.
1454
        * If a list reference, [0] will be set to a function to do this.
1455
          This can be used to delay index creation until the table is populated.
1456 2675 aaronmk
    '''
1457
    table = sql_gen.as_Table(table)
1458
1459 3082 aaronmk
    if like != None:
1460
        cols = [sql_gen.CustomCode('LIKE '+like.to_str(db)+' INCLUDING ALL')
1461
            ]+cols
1462 5525 aaronmk
        table.order_by = like.order_by
1463 2681 aaronmk
    if has_pkey:
1464
        cols[0] = pkey = copy.copy(cols[0]) # don't modify input!
1465 2872 aaronmk
        pkey.constraints = 'PRIMARY KEY'
1466 2681 aaronmk
1467 3085 aaronmk
    temp = table.is_temp and not db.debug_temp
1468
        # temp tables permanent in debug_temp mode
1469 2760 aaronmk
1470 3085 aaronmk
    # Create table
1471 3383 aaronmk
    def create():
1472 3085 aaronmk
        str_ = 'CREATE'
1473
        if temp: str_ += ' TEMP'
1474
        str_ += ' TABLE '+table.to_str(db)+' (\n'
1475
        str_ += '\n, '.join(c.to_str(db) for c in cols)
1476 3126 aaronmk
        str_ += '\n);'
1477 3085 aaronmk
1478 7113 aaronmk
        opts = dict(recover=True, cacheable=True, log_level=2,
1479 3383 aaronmk
            log_ignore_excs=(DuplicateException,))
1480 7113 aaronmk
        try: run_query(db, str_, **opts)
1481
        except InvalidTypeException: # try again as view
1482
            run_query_into(db, mk_select(db, like, limit=0), into=table, **opts)
1483 3383 aaronmk
    if table.is_temp:
1484
        while True:
1485
            try:
1486
                create()
1487
                break
1488
            except DuplicateException:
1489
                table.name = next_version(table.name)
1490
                # try again with next version of name
1491
    else: create()
1492 3085 aaronmk
1493 2760 aaronmk
    # Add indexes
1494 2773 aaronmk
    if has_pkey: has_pkey = already_indexed
1495
    def add_indexes_(): add_indexes(db, table, has_pkey)
1496
    if isinstance(col_indexes, list): col_indexes[0] = add_indexes_ # defer
1497
    elif col_indexes: add_indexes_() # add now
1498 2675 aaronmk
1499 3084 aaronmk
def copy_table_struct(db, src, dest):
1500
    '''Creates a structure-only copy of a table. (Does not copy data.)'''
1501 3085 aaronmk
    create_table(db, dest, has_pkey=False, col_indexes=False, like=src)
1502 3084 aaronmk
1503 5529 aaronmk
def copy_table(db, src, dest):
1504
    '''Creates a copy of a table, including data'''
1505
    copy_table_struct(db, src, dest)
1506
    insert_select(db, dest, None, mk_select(db, src))
1507
1508 3079 aaronmk
### Data
1509 2684 aaronmk
1510 2970 aaronmk
def truncate(db, table, schema='public', **kw_args):
1511
    '''For params, see run_query()'''
1512 2777 aaronmk
    table = sql_gen.as_Table(table, schema)
1513 2970 aaronmk
    return run_query(db, 'TRUNCATE '+table.to_str(db)+' CASCADE', **kw_args)
1514 2732 aaronmk
1515 2965 aaronmk
def empty_temp(db, tables):
1516
    tables = lists.mk_seq(tables)
1517 2971 aaronmk
    for table in tables: truncate(db, table, log_level=3)
1518 2965 aaronmk
1519 1968 aaronmk
def empty_db(db, schema='public', **kw_args):
1520
    '''For kw_args, see tables()'''
1521
    for table in tables(db, schema, **kw_args): truncate(db, table, schema)
1522 3094 aaronmk
1523 7179 aaronmk
def distinct_table(db, table, distinct_on, joins=None):
1524 3094 aaronmk
    '''Creates a copy of a temp table which is distinct on the given columns.
1525 5902 aaronmk
    Adds an index on table's distinct_on columns, to facilitate merge joins.
1526 3097 aaronmk
    @param distinct_on If empty, creates a table with one row. This is useful if
1527
        your distinct_on columns are all literal values.
1528 7179 aaronmk
    @param joins The joins to use when creating the new table
1529 3099 aaronmk
    @return The new table.
1530 3094 aaronmk
    '''
1531 7179 aaronmk
    if joins == None: joins = [table]
1532
1533 3099 aaronmk
    new_table = sql_gen.suffixed_table(table, '_distinct')
1534 3411 aaronmk
    distinct_on = filter(sql_gen.is_table_col, distinct_on)
1535 3094 aaronmk
1536 3099 aaronmk
    copy_table_struct(db, table, new_table)
1537 3097 aaronmk
1538
    limit = None
1539
    if distinct_on == []: limit = 1 # one sample row
1540 5903 aaronmk
    else: add_index(db, distinct_on, table) # for join optimization
1541 3097 aaronmk
1542 7179 aaronmk
    insert_select(db, new_table, None, mk_select(db, joins,
1543
        [sql_gen.Col(sql_gen.all_cols, table)], distinct_on=distinct_on,
1544
        order_by=None, limit=limit))
1545 3099 aaronmk
    analyze(db, new_table)
1546 3094 aaronmk
1547 3099 aaronmk
    return new_table